Harmaja, H. 2003: A deviating cytotype of Viola riviniana from Finland. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 395–400.
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Kuuluvainen, T. & Kalmari, R. 2003: Regeneration microsites of Picea abies seedlings in a windthrow area of a boreal old-growth forest in southern Finland. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 401–413.
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Murguía, M. & Villasenõr, J. L. 2003: Estimating the effect of the similarity coefficient and the cluster algorithm on biogeographic classifications. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 415–421..
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Myklestad, Å. & Sætersdal, M. 2003: Effects of reforestation and intensified land use on vascular plant species richness in traditionally managed hay meadows. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 423–441.
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Rikkinen, J. 2003: New resinicolous ascomycetes from beaver scars in western North America. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 443–450.
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Coskunçelebi, K. 2003: New combinations in the genus Hieracium s. stricto and Pilosella (Asteraceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 451–453.
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Ghahremaninejad, F. 2003: Astragalus crispus (Fabaceae), a new species from SE Iran. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 455–458.
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Zhang, X.-C. 2003: New combinations in Haplopteris (Pteridophyta: Vittariaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 459–461.
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Nomenclatural novelties in Ann. Bot. Fennici 40(6). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 462.
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Dai, Y. C., Härkönen, M. & Niemelä, T. 2003: Wood-inhabiting fungi in southern China 1. Polypores from Hunan Province. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 381–393.
Polypores (Basidiomycota) from Hunan Province, south-central China, were investigated during 1999–2002. Based on nearly 600 collections, 102 poroid species were identified from the study area; some species identifications are given as tentative. Sixty-two species are new to Hunan, including ten species new to China. In addition, three new species, Cyclomyces lamellatus Y.C. Dai & Niemelä, Phellinus collinus Y.C. Dai & Niemelä and Polyporus pumilus Y.C. Dai & Niemelä are described and illustrated. The first one differs from the other species in the genus Cyclomyces by having imbricate basidiocarps, radially lamellate hymenophore and prominent setae. Phellinus collinus is characterized by a perennial habit, shining pore surface, very thin context, and the lack of setae; it has oblong-ellipsoid, golden yellow and often collapsed basidiospores. Polyporus pumilus is very characteristic in the genus because it has extremely small, pendent basidiocarps; its pores are smaller than in general in Polyporus. Distribution patterns of the species are discussed, in particular the occurrence of northern (temperate/boreal) and southern (subtropical/tropical) elements in the area.
Harmaja, H. 2003: A deviating cytotype of Viola riviniana from Finland. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 395–400.
The chromosome numbers of five collections of Viola riviniana (Violaceae) from South Finland were examined from mitoses in root tip cells. The collections consist of one plant each and originate from five different localities. The plants were subjected to cytological study as they appeared slightly deviating from typical V. riviniana (mostly 2n = 40) by possessing some traits (fairly pale, narrow petals and short calyx appendages) reminding of the closely related V. reichenbachiana (2n = 20). Four of the plants unexpectedly turned out to have 2n = 30 while one had the expected number 2n = 40. 2n = 30 is an unknown somatic number at least in this group of violets but would suggest F1 generation hybrids between V. reichenbachiana and V. riviniana. However, (i) the 2n = 30 plants of the present study are fertile though the hybrid mentioned is known to be highly infertile, (ii) their stipules are not intermediate (but of a kind of their own), and (iii) V. reichenbachiana is unknown in the study area. As a conclusion: the plants that deviate from typical V. riviniana both morphologically and cytologically may in some way result from hybridisation between V. reichenbachiana and V. riviniana or they may represent an unknown (almost) cryptic taxon. Previously, fertile plants of this group with 2n = 30 have once been reported from Germany; they were supposed to represent the hybrid between the two species mentioned. A mention is also made about the ploidy level of the 2n = 30 genome: according to current view it represents the triploid level but there is a possibility that the hexaploid level is concerned instead.
Kuuluvainen, T. & Kalmari, R. 2003: Regeneration microsites of Picea abies seedlings in a windthrow area of a boreal old-growth forest in southern Finland. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 401–413.
Microsite characteristics of established Picea abies seedlings were studied in a windthrow area of a Picea-dominated old-growth forest in the southern boreal zone of Finland. The seedling (height 3–30 cm) density, most of which was Picea (87%, ca. 31 000 ha–1), was high (ca. 36 000 ha–1). Seedlings of Betula pubescens (ca. 2000 ha–1) and Sorbus aucuparia (ca. 2100 ha–1) were also abundant. The distribution of Picea seedlings across microsite types was significantly nonrandom. Picea seedlings were found in microsites created by windthrow disturbance, particularly advanced-decay wood, and uprooting pits and mounds. Sixty-three percent of the Picea seedlings occurred in these microsites, although they only covered ca. 28% of the study area. As a result of this pattern, Picea seedlings were aggregated in space and the majority of seedlings grew on microsites located above average local ground level. These results demonstrate the importance of disturbed microsites for the natural regeneration of Picea after windthrow disturbance. In managed forests, when naturally regenerating Picea on fertile sites, effort should be taken to create regeneration microsites similar to those created by natural disturbances, i.e. uprooting niches and decaying logs. These microsites are also important for the maintenance of biodiversity in managed forests.
Murguía, M. & Villasenõr, J. L. 2003: Estimating the effect of the similarity coefficient and the cluster algorithm on biogeographic classifications. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 415–421.
Similarity matrices obtained using a null model and nine similarity coefficients based on an exhaustive and hypothetical set of presence/absence data matrices are generated and compared. Likewise, the biogeographic classifications obtained from an empirical set of data (the genera of Asteraceae of Mexico) and from the application of the same nine similarity coefficients and three cluster methods are compared. It is concluded that differences in the classifications generated from different similarity coefficients can be of almost 50% with the set of hypothetical matrices and more than 70% with the empirical data. The kind of clustering method (single, complete, or average) also generates differences in the classification topologies, even when using the same similarity coefficient. The empirical data produced similar topologies in 51% to 85% of the cases. Due to the dependence among the similarity coefficients, the cluster method used, and the generated classifications, it is concluded that classifications obtained through the use of different similarity coefficients or cluster methods are not comparable. The most similar classification topologies were obtained from the use of the Jaccard and Sorensen-Dice similarity coefficients. They also showed the lowest number of poorly informative structures.
Myklestad, Å. & Sætersdal, M. 2003: Effects of reforestation and intensified land use on vascular plant species richness in traditionally managed hay meadows. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 423–441.
In this study of 130 sites with different management we investigated whether vascular plant species richness is significantly reduced when traditionally managed hay meadows are abandoned and reforested. We also compared the effects of reforestation with those of intensified land-use to see which have the largest effects on species richness. Finally, we investigated the relative importance of relevant ecological factors for species richness. While the use of artificial fertilizers in traditionally managed hay meadows has resulted in significantly lower species richness, and intensive cultivation in even lower species richness, abandonment with reforestation has not decreased the species richness significantly. Productivity and habitat diversity have determined the species richness of meadows on the scale (0.03–5.1 ha) of this study. Low productivity is a prerequisite for high species richness in meadows. Maximum species richness was observed in unproductive, old, traditionally managed hay meadows with a high soil pH and high habitat diversity. The high species richness of these meadows suggests that they are in urgent need of conservation.
Rikkinen, J. 2003: New resinicolous ascomycetes from beaver scars in western North America. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 443–450.
Three new species of resinicolous ascomycetes are described from western North America. These include two species of Chaenothecopsis (Mycocaliciaceae) and the new monotypic genus Brucea, with the new species B. castoris. Deep scars and massive resin flows caused by beaver represent an important habitat type for resinicolous fungi in the Pacific Northwest. All the new fungi grow on scarred Abies grandis and Tsuga heterophylla in low elevation forests in Oregon. Chaenothecopsis montana and C. oregana are also common at higher elevations in the Cascade Range. The former species also occurs in northern Europe, where it grows on Picea abies resin in moist conifer forests.
Coskunçelebi, K. 2003: New combinations in the genus Hieracium s. stricto and Pilosella (Asteraceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 451–453.
In this paper five Hieracium s. lato species are shifted into Pilosella and one subspecies is raised to species level in Hieracium s. stricto. These new combinations bring the number of Hieracium and Pilosella species in Turkey to 113 and 42, respectively.
Ghahremaninejad, F. 2003: Astragalus crispus (Fabaceae), a new species from SE Iran. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 455–458.
A new species Astragalus crispus F. Ghahremani. (Fabaceae), is described from Iran and illustrated. It belongs to Astragalus sect. Craccina (Steven) Bunge, which contains species with bifurcate hairs, and is related to A. austriacus.
Zhang, X.-C. 2003: New combinations in Haplopteris (Pteridophyta: Vittariaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 459–461.
A new phylogenetic classification of the fern family Vittariaceae, based on molecular and morphological characters, necessitates the following new combinations in Haplopteris: H. amboinensis (Fée) X.C. Zhang, H. linearifolia (Ching) X.C. Zhang, H. mediosora (Hayata) X.C. Zhang, and H. plurisulcata (Ching) X.C. Zhang. The names Haplopteris forrestiana (Ching) E.H. Crane and H. modesta (Hand.-Mazz.) E.H. Crane are reduced to synonyms.