AcZF 209, 1998

Martin Meinander & Gunilla Ståhls-Mäkelä: Preface — Avant-Propos — Vorwort — Esipuhe — Förord. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 1–5.

Contributions: lectures and posters

Aspöck, H. 1998: Descriptions and illustrations of Raphidioptera in the early entomological literature before 1800. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 7–31.
Abstract

Aspöck, H. 1998: Distribution and biogeography of the order Raphidioptera: updated facts and a new hypothesis. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 33–44.
Abstract

Aspöck, U. & Nemeschkal, H. L. 1998: A cladistic analysis of the Berothidae (Neuroptera). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 45–63.
Abstract

Canard, M. 1998: Life history strategies of green lacewings in temperate climates: a review (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 65–74.
Abstract

Carvalho, C. F., Canard, M. & Alauzet, C. 1998: Destruction of egg pedicels by sodium hypochlorite and its effects on the hatching of eggs of Chrysoperla mediterranea (Hölzel) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 75–77.
Abstract

Carvalho, C. F., Canard, M. & Alauzet, C. 1998: Influence of temperature on the reactivation of diapausing adults of Chrysoperla mediterranea (Hölzel) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 79–82.
Abstract

Carvalho, C. F., Souza, B. & Santos, T. M. 1998: Predation capacity and reproduction potential of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) fed on Alabama argillacea (Hübner) eggs. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 83–86.
Abstract

Devetak, D. 1998: Detection of substrate vibration in Neuropteroidea: a review. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 87–94.
Abstract

Devetak, D. 1998: Neuroptera in different habitats in Istria and Quarnero (NW Balkan). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 95–98.
Abstract

Dodds, C. & M^cEwen, P. K. 1998: Electroantennogram responses of green lacewings (Chrysoperla carnea) to plant volatiles: Preliminary results. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 99–102.
Abstract

El Arnaouty, S. A. & Sewify, G. H. 1998: A pilot experiment for using eggs and larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) against Aphis gossypii (Glover) on cotton in Egypt. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 103–106.
Abstract

Flint, O. S., Jr. 1998: New species and records of Climacia from the Neotropics (Neuroptera, Sisyridae). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 107–117.
Abstract

Greve, L. & Kobro, S. 1998: Preliminary data on abundance of phototactic Neuroptera and Raphidioptera in SE Norway as indicated by light-trap catches. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 119–120.
Abstract

Güsten, R. 1998: The morphology of the metathoracic gland system in the Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera): a preliminary overview. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 121–127.
Abstract

Hölzel, H. 1998: Zoogeographical features of Neuroptera of the Arabian peninsula. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 129–140.
Abstract

Lemesle, A., Thierry, D., Foussard, F. & Canard, M. 1998: Preliminary study on lipids in Chrysoperla kolthoffi (Navás) during diapause (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 141–144.
Abstract

Letardi, A. 1998: Present knowledge of Italian Neuropterida: history, distribution and current problems. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 145–149.
Abstract

M^cEwen, P. & Oswald, J. 1998: Neuroptera on the Internet. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 151–152.
Abstract

M^cEwen, P. K., Shuja, A. & Senior, L. 1998: Conservation of the common green lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea s. l.) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) to control crop pests. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 153–156.
Abstract

Mencinger, B. 1998: Prey recognition in larvae of the antlion Euroleon nostras (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 157–161.
Abstract

Mirmoayedi, A. 1998: Neuroptera of Iran. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 163–165.
Abstract

New, T. R. 1998: Are Neuroptera an informative focal group for conservation assessment? — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 167–174.
Abstract

New, T. R. 1998: Preliminary survey of the Mantispidae of south east Asia. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 175–181.
Abstract

Ohm, P. & Hölzel, H. 1998: A contribution to the knowledge of the neuropterous fauna of the Comoros: the Neuroptera of Mayotte. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 183–194.
Abstract

Orlova, N. A. 1998: Effects of photoperiod and temperature on diapause induction in Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 195–202.
Abstract

Paulian, M. 1998: Occurrence of chrysopids (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) and activity of their populations within a sugar-beet agro-ecosystem in Rumania. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 203–205.
Abstract

Paulian, M. 1998: Occurrence of chrysopids (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) and moving activity of their populations within a peach orchard agro-ecosystem in Rumania. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 207–210.
Abstract

Penny, N. D. 1998: The Neuroptera of Costa Rica – An overview. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 211–214.
Abstract

Popov, A. 1998: Bionomy and development of Nemoptera sinuata Olivier (Neuroptera, Nemopteridae). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 215–216.
Abstract

Röhricht, W. 1998: About the Neuroptera of St. Helena and Ascension islands (South Atlantic Ocean). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 217–219.
Abstract

Röhricht, W. 1998: Distribution of Myrmeleon (Morter) bore (Tjeder 1941). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 221–225.
Abstract

Senior, L. J., M^cEwen, P. K. & Kidd, N. A. C. 1998: Effects of the chitin synthesis inhibitor triflumuron on the green lacewing, Chrysopa carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae): influence on adult potentialities and offspring. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 227–231.
Abstract

Sewify, G. H. & El Arnaouty, S. A. 1998: The effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Verticillium lecanii (Zimm.) Viegas on mature larvae of Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) in the laboratory. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 233–237.
Abstract

Shuja, A., Senior, L. J., M^cEwen, P. K. & Langley, P. A. 1998: Effects of the chitin synthesis inhibitor, triflumuron, on the Common green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens): influence of residence time. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 239–242.
Abstract

Sziráki, G. 1998: Female internal genitalia of some Neuroptera of phylogenetic interest. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 243–247.
Abstract

Sziráki, G. 1998: Zoogeographic relations of South Asian coniopterygids (Neuroptera, Coniopterygidae). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 249–254.
Abstract

Thierry, D., Cloupeau, R., Jarry, M. & Canard, M. 1998: Discrimination of the West-Palaearctic Chrysoperla Steinmann species of the carnea Stephens group by means of claw morphology (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 255–262.
Abstract

Volkovich, T. A. 1998: Environmental control of seasonal cycles in green lacewings (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) from the forest-steppe zone of Russia. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 263–275.
Abstract

Yasseri, A. M., Parzefall, J., Rietdorf, M. & Francke, W. 1998: New studies on the role of volatile compounds in antlions (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 277–284.
Abstract

Report

Aspöck, H. & Canard, M. 1998: Report on an informal discussion on future projects and research themes in neuropterology. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 285–290. Abstract not available.

Index to genera and species. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 291–297.
Index

Preface

In the fifth International Symposium of Neuropterology in Cairo in spring 1994 the participants decided to convene in Helsinki in 1997. Consequently, 43 specialists representing all continents and 21 different countries met in Helsinki on 13–16 July in order to present the latest in research and to exchange ideas. Both the number of participants as well as the number of countries represented exceeded those of all previous International Symposia of Neuropterology. Since there were 35 lectures and 18 other presentations in the programme, parallel sessions could not be avoided. This naturally caused some displeasure, although the organisers had done their utmost to choose topics as different as possible for the simultaneous sessions.
As is customary, the skeleton of the programme was formed by systematics, taxonomy and faunistics, but applied biology and autecology was also strongly represented. We were given a lecture on the Neuroptera in Internet, and we discussed research projects either in progress or at the planning stage under the direction of Professor Horst Aspöck. We also discussed possibilities to coordinate our efforts in these matters.
The Symposium was organised by “Societas Entomologica Helsingforsiensis” with the support of the Finnish Academy, for which we are greatly indebted. Professor Martin Meinander was principally in charge, while Mrs. Gunilla Ståhls-Mäkela, M.Sc. (Phil.), acted as Secretary and saw to the practical arrangements. Dr. Samuel Panelius edited the Symposium Proceedings which, thanks to the understanding attitude of the Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board was published in their Acta Zoologica Fennica series. Mrs. Kerstin Meinander and Mrs. Marianne Panelius kindly arranged the ladies’ programme.
The International Association for Neuropterology, founded at the Cairo Symposium in 1994, convened now for the first time after the foundation. Dr. Timothy R. New was elected president for the period 1997–2000. One of the goals of the Association is that apart from the triennial Symposia, the world’s neuropterologists should be united by a journal of their own. At the Cairo meeting, Dr. Victor Monserrat undertook the responsibility of editing the Journal. There seems to have been some difficulty in putting things in motion, but now the prospects are that the first issue of the ‘Journal of Neuropterology’ will be printed at the same time as this volume.
The five earlier Symposium Proceedings were all individually entitled. However, it was now decided that each future Proceedings will bear the title ‘Neuropterology’, followed by the relevant Symposium year. Hence, this present volume is entitled ‘Neuropterology 1997’. The volume includes a concise report of the Symposium with the programme. Summaries of such lectures and presentations that the referees deem publishable are presented in alphabetical order according to the first author’s initial.
The Symposium accepted Dr. György Sziraki’s offer to organize the next Symposium in Budapest. The meeting will be held in the summer in the year 2000, and the Helsinki organizers wish their Hungarian colleagues every success in organizing the 6th Symposium. Let us hope that more will have been discovered of our dearly beloved creatures by then, to give us new inspiring topics for edifying lectures and discussions in the land of puszta.
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Avant-propos

Les chercheurs spécialistes en neuroptérologie étaient réunis à l’occasion de leur cinquième symposium international au printemps de 1994, au Caire; c’est qu’ils décidèrent de se réunir la fois suivante à Helsinki, au printemps de 1997. Ainsi, 43 spécialistes représentants cinq continents et 21 pays, au total, se sont rencontrés dans la capitale finlandaise, du 13 au 16 juillet, pour exposer les plus récents résultats de la recherche et pour échanger leurs réflexions. Le nombre des participants et des Etats qu’ils représentaient étaient les plus importants jamais réunis jusqu’à cette date dans le cadre des symposiums de chercheurs spécialistes des neuroptères. Les quelques 35 communications annoncées à l’avance et 18 autres présentations ont été source de quelques casse-tête pour organisateurs chargés d’élaborer le programme et, malgré les tentatives faites, des chevauchements n’ont pu être évités. Ce qui, évidemment, ne suscita pas un enthousiasme particulier car de nombreuses communications importantes furent données en même temps, malgré les efforts des organisateurs qui s’étaient efforcés de choisir des sujets les plus différents possibles pour les événements se tenant simultanément.
Comme dans le passé, la systématique, la taxonomie et la faunistique ont constitué la charpente du programme, mais la biologie appliquée et l’autécologie également étaient fortement présentes. Un cours sur les neuroptères á l’Internet et un débat, conduit par le professeur Horst Aspöck, était consacré sur les projets de recherche en cours ou envisagés ainsi que sur les possibilités de coordonner nos efforts en la matière.
Le symposium était organisé par la “Societas Entomologica Helsingforsiensis” avec le soutien de l’Académie de Finlande — on le rappellera ici, avec gratitude. Le professeur Martin Meinander était le principal responsable de l’organisation, Mme Gunilla Ståls-Mäkelä, Lic.. ès sc., faisant office de secrétaire chargée des arrangements pratiques. M. Samuel Panelius, Dr. ès sciences s’est engagé à assumer la rédaction de la publication finale du symposium, que le Conseil des publications biologiques de Finlande a aimablement accepté de publier dans sa série Acta Zoologica Fennica. Le programme des dames était confié à Mmes Kerstin Meinander et Marianne Panelius.
L’Association internationale de Neuroptérologie, fondée lors du symposium du Caire en 1994, se réunissait maintenant pour la première fois depuis sa création. Dr. Thimothy R. New a été élu président pour la période 1997–2000. Cette association a notamment pour objectif de réunir les neuroptérologues du monde entier, non seulement à l’occasion de symposiums organisés tous les trois ans mais également par l’intermédiaire d’un journal commun. M. Victor Montserrat, Dr. ès sciences a promis de se charger de la rédaction du journal. Sans doute y a-t-il eu quelques difficultés préliminaires mais à l’heure où nous écrivons ces lignes, la situation semble prometteuse et le “Journal de Neuropterology” sortira vraisemblablement des presses en même temps que la présente publication.
Toutes les cinq publications antérieures qui ont suivi un symposium avaient un titre spécifique. Il a cependant été décidé désormais qu’à l’avenir une dénomination commune serait utilisée, à savoir “Neuropterology”, suivie de l’année. La résente publication s’intitule donc Neuropterology 1997. Elle contient un bref rapport du symposium et relatif à son programme. Avec l’autorisation des auteurs, les synthèses de certaines conférences et communications sont également publiées. Ces synthèses sont classés par ordre alphabétique dans l’ordre de l’initiale du nom du premier auteur de chaque comunication.
M. György Sziráki, Dr. ès ciences a proposé à la conférence que le prochain symposium se tienne à Budapest, durant l’été de l’an 2000. La conférence a accepté cette invitation et les organisateurs Finlandais souhaitent le meilleur succès à leurs collègues hongrois dans l’organisation du 7ème symposium. D’ici le symposium de Budapest, espérons-le, nous aurons recueillis davantage de connaissances sur ces petites bestioles qui nous intéressent, afin que notre réunion, au pays de la puszta soit aussi riche d’inspiration et constructive que celles qui l’ont précédée.
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Vorwort

Im Frühjahr 1994 war auf dem 5. Internationalen Symposium der Netzflüglerforscher in Kairo beschlossen worden, das nächste Symposium im Sommer 1997 in Helsinki zu veranstalten. Und so kamen denn vom 13. bis 16. Juli 1997 43 Wissenschaftler aus 5 Kontinenten und 21 Ländern in Helsinki zusammen, um ihre neuesten Forschungsergebnisse vorzutragen und intensiven Gedankenaustausch zu pflegen. Sowohl die Teilnehmerzahl als auch die Zahl der vertretenen Länder war die bisher größte auf einem Netzflüglersymposium. Die Zahl der im voraus angekündigten 35 Referate und 18 anderen Präsentationen bereitete den Organisatoren einige Kopfschmerzen, und Überschneidungen konnten trotz aller Anstrengungen nicht völlig vermieden werden. Dies empfanden die Teilnehmer natürlich nicht als sehr positiv, denn viele interessante Referate wurden gleichzeitig gehalten, obgleich die Organisatoren durchaus versucht hatten, für zeitgleich stattfindende Veranstaltungen solche mit möglichst unterschiedlicher Thematik zu wählen.
Wie schon bei früheren Symposien bildeten auch diesmal die Bereiche Systematik, Taxonomie und Faunistik den Kern des Programms, aber auch die angewandte Biologie und die Autökologie waren gut vertreten. Weiterhin wurde eine Vorlesung über Neuroptera in Internet gehalten, und unter der Leitung von Prof. Horst Aspöck wurde über bereits angelaufene oder sich in der Planungsphase befindliche Forschungsprojekte und die Möglichkeiten zur Koordinierung unserer Bemühungen diskutiert.
Veranstalter des Symposiums war die “Societas Entomologica Helsingforsiensis”, die von der Finnischen Akademie der Wissenschaften finanzielle Unterstützung erhalten hatte, was in diesem Zusammenhang dankend erwähnt werden soll. Die Hauptverantwortung für die organisatorischen Fragen trug Prof. Martin Meinander, und Frau Lic. Gunilla Ståhls-Mäkelä war als Symposiumssekretärin für die Fragen der praktischen Durchführung zuständig. Dr. Samuel Panelius erklärte sich bereit, die Vorträge des Symposiums für den Druck vorzubereiten, und der finnische biologische Publikationsrat hat freundlicherweise die Veröffentlichung in seiner Reihe “Acta Zoologica Fennica” ermöglicht. Die Organisation des Rahmenprogramms für die Begleiterinnen der Kongreßteilnehmer oblag der Verantwortung von Kerstin Meinander und Marianne Panelius.
Die “International Association for Neuropterology”, die während des Kairoer Symposiums 1994 gegründet worden war, traf jetzt erstmals nach ihrer Gründung zusammen. Dr. Timothy R. New war zum Präsident 1997–2000 gewählt. Ziel der Vereinigung ist es u.a., den Zusammenhalt der weltweit arbeitenden Netzflüglerforscher zu fördern, und zwar neben den alle drei Jahre stattfindenden Symposien auch durch ein eigenes Publikationsorgan. Dr. Victor Monserrat übernahm die Aufgabe der redaktionellen Betreuung der Zeitschrift. Nach einigen Anfangsschwierigkeiten sieht die Situation jetzt, da dies geschrieben wird, vielversprechender aus, und das “Journal of Neuropterology” dürfte gleichzeitig mit der Veröffentlichung dieses kurzen Berichts erscheinen.
Alle fünf bisherigen Symposiumsbände führen jeweils einen besonderen Titel. Jetzt wurde beschlossen, daß zukünftig ein einheitlicher Name verwendet werden solle, nämlich Neuropterology mit dem Zusatz der jeweiligen Jahreszahl. Diese Veröffentlichung trägt daher den Namen Neuropterology 1997. Die Publikation enthält einen kurzen Bericht über das Symposium und sein Programm. Es werden auch von den Referenten autorisierte kurze Zusammenfassungen einiger Vorträge und Präsentationen veröffentlicht. Diese Zusammenfassungen werden in alphabetischer Reihenfolge nach dem Anfangsbuchstaben des ersten Autoren der jeweiligen Präsentation abgedruckt.
Dr. György Sziráki schlug der Versammlung vor, das nächste Symposium im Sommer 2000 in Budapest auszurichten. Dieser Vorschlag wurde von den Teilnehmern angenommen, und die finnischen Organisatoren wünschen ihren ungarischen Kollegen den denkbar besten Erfolg für die Organisation des 7. Symposiums. Wir hoffen, daß bis zum Budapester Symposium wieder viel an Forschungsergebnissen über unsere lieben kleinen Geschöpfe zusammengetragen werden kann, damit unser Symposium im Land der Pußta ebenso inspirierend und konstruktiv verläuft wie die bisherigen.
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Esipuhe

Verkkosiipisten tutkijat kokoontuivat 5. kansainväliseen symposioonsa Kairossa v:n 1994 keväällä, ja siellä päätettiin kokoontua seuraavan kerran Helsingissä kesällä 1997. Niinpä viittä eri maanosaa ja yhteensä 21 eri maata edustavat 43 spesialistia tapasivat Helsingissä 13–16.7 esitelläkseen uusimpia tutkimustuloksia ja vaihtaakseen ajatuksia. Sekä osanottajien että heidän edustamiensa valtioiden lukumäärä oli suurin tähän mennessä pidetyissä verkkosiipisten tutkijoiden symposioissa. Etukäteen ilmoitetut 35 esitelmää ja 18 muuta esitystä aiheuttivat ohjelman laatijoille paljon päänvaivaa, eikä päällekkäisyyksiä yrityksistä huolimatta voitu välttää. Tämä ei tietenkään herättänyt sanottavampaa ihastusta, koska monet kiinnostavat esitykset pidettiin samanaikaisesti, vaikka järjestäjät olivat yrittäneet valita päällekkäisiin tapahtumiin mahdollisimman erilaiset aiheet.
Kuten aiemminkin, ohjelman rungon muodostivat systematiikka, taksonomia ja faunistiikka, mutta myös sovellettu biologia ja autekologia olivat voimakkaasti esillä. Meille pidettiin luento Neuropterasta Internetissä ja prof. Horst Aspöckin johdolla keskusteltiin käynnissä tai suunnitteilla olevista tutkimusprojekteista sekä mahdollisuuksista koordinoida ponnistelujamme niiden suhteen.
Symposion järjesti “Societas Entomologia Helsingforsiensis” Suomen Akatemian tuella, mikä tässä kiitollisuudella mainittakoon. Prof. Martin Meinander oli päävastuussa järjestelyistä, ja lis. Gunilla Ståhls-Mäkelä toimi sihteerinä vastaten käytännön järjestelyistä. Tri Samuel Panelius lupautui toimittamaan Symposiumin loppujulkaisun, jonka Suomen eläin- ja kasvitieteen julkaisutoimikunta ystävällisesti otti julkaistakseen Acta Zoologica Fennica-sarjassaan. Daamien ohjelmasta vastasivat rouvat Kerstin Meinander ja Marianne Panelius.
International Association for Neuropterology-yhdistys, joka perustettiin Kairon Symposiumissa v. 1994 kokoontui nyt ensi kertaa perustamisensa jälkeen. Tri. Timothy R. New valittiin presidentiksi ajalle 1997–2000. Yhdistyksen tavoitteena on mm. yhdistää maailman verkkosiipisten tutkijoita paitsi joka kolmas vuosi tapahtuvissa symposiumeissa myös yhteisen lehden kautta. Tri Victor Monserrat lupasi ottaa tehtäväkseen lehden toimittamisen. Joitakin alkuvaikeuksia lienee ollut, mutta tätä kirjoitettaessa näyttää tilanne lupaavalta ja “Journal of Neuropterology”-lehti tulee painosta samaan aikaan kuin tämä julkaisu.
Kaikilla viidellä aikaisemmalla symposiojulkaisulla on ollut oma erityinen otsikkonsa. Nyt kuitenkin päätettiin, että jatkossa käytetään yhtenäistä nimeä eli Neuropterology ja ao. vuosiluku. Tämä julkaisu on siis Neuropterology 1997. Julkaisu sisältää lyhyen raportin symposiosta ja sen ohjelmasta. Tekijöiden luvalla julkaistaan myös yhteenvetoja luennoista ja esityksistä jotka tarkastajat ovat hyväksyneet julkaistavaksi. Nämä yhteenvedot löytyvät aakkosjärjestyksessä kunkin esityksen ensimmäisen tekijän alkukirjaimen mukaan.
Tri György Szirakin esitti kokoukselle, että seuraava symposio pidettäisiin Budapestissa kesällä 2000. Kokous otti kutsun vastaan, ja suomalaiset järjestäjät toivottavat mitä parhainta menestystä unkarilaisille kollegoilleen 7. symposion järjestelyissä. Toivottavasti Budapestin symposioon mennessä on taas saatu enemmän tietoa rakkaista pikku otuksistamme, niin että kokouksemme pustan maassa olisi yhtä inspiroiva ja rakentava kuin aiemmatkin.
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Förord

Neuropterologerna samlade till det femte internationella symposiet om neuropterologi i Cairo våren 1994 beslöt att samlas nästa gång i Helsingfors på sommaren 1997. Sålunda möttes 43 specialister representerande alla kontinenter och sammanlagt 21 olika länder i Helsingfors den 13–16 juli 1997 att presentera nya forskningsresultat och utbyta ideer. Såväl antalet deltagare som antalet representerade länder var rekord för de internationella neuropterologisymposierna hittills. De anmälda 35 föredragen och 18 posters tvingade arrangörerna att uppgöra ett program med parallella sessioner, vilket inte väckte något större förtjusning, då många program som deltagarna ville ta del av kom att gå på varandra. Detta trots arrangörernas strävan att göra att de parallellt löpande sessionerna representerade så olika sektioner av neuropterologin som möjligt.
Traditionellt utgjorde systematik, taxonomi och faunistik ryggraden av programmet, men starkt kom också den tillämpade biologin och autekologin fram.Vi fick oss en lektion om Neuroptera på internet och traditionellt diskuterade vi under prof. Horst Aspöcks ledning forskningsprojekt som var i gång eller som planerats och möjligheterna att härvidlag koordinera våra ansträngningar.
Symposiet arrangerades av “Societas Entomologia Helsingforsiensis” med understöd av Finlands Akademi, vilket tacksamt noteras. Prof. Martin Meinander hade det huvudsakliga ansvaret medan fil. mag. Gunnilla Ståhls-Mäkelä fungerade som sekreterare och skötte de praktiska arrangemangen. Dr. Samuel Panelius åtog sig att fungera som redaktör för symposiets proceedings, som tack vare förståelse hos Finlands biologiska publikationsnämnd kunnat publiceras i dess Acta Zoologica Fennica serie. Ansvariga för damprogrammet var Kerstin Meinander och Marianne Panelius.
International Association for Neuropterology, vilken grundades under symposiet i Cairo 1994 möttes nu till sitt första möte efter föreningens grundande. Dr. Timothy R. New valdes till president för perioden 1997–2000. En av målsättningen med föreningen är att förutom genom de vart tredje år återkommande symposierna förena världens neuropterologer genom en gemensam tidskrift. I Cairo åtog sig dr. Victor Monserrat att redigera tidningen. Det har varit trögt före i portgången, men när detta skrives ser det mera lovande ut och det första numret av “Journal of Neuropterology” torde föreligga i tryck ungefär samtidigt som denna volym.
De fem tidigare symposievolymerna har alla haft egna namn. Nu beslöts man emellertid att i fortsättningen använda ett enhetligt namn, Neuropterology och årtalet för symposiet. Denna volym heter alltså i konsekvens härmed Neuropterology 1997. Volymen innehåller en kort rapport över symposiet med dess program. Sammandrag av de föredrag och posters vilka av referees betraktats kunna publiceras presenteras i alfabetisk ordning enligt första författaren.
Mötet accepterade Dr.György Sziráki inbjudan att hålla nästa symposium i Budapest. Mötet kommer att gå av stapeln sommaren år 2000 och arrangörerna för Helsingforsmötet önskar sina ungerska kolleger all välgång i arrangerandet av det sjunde internationella symposiet. Låt oss hoppas att allt mera kunskap om våra älskade djur skall ha framkommit till det mötet och ge oss en ny inspirerande träff med uppbyggande diskussioner i pusztans land.
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Aspöck, H. 1998: Descriptions and illustrations of Raphidioptera in the early entomological literature before 1800. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 7–31.

Linnaeus 1735 introduced the name Raphidia and was apparently the first author who gave a description of these insects. Until recently it was generally believed that A. J. Rösel von Rosenhof was the first to publish an illustration of a snake-fly, in 1755. In a book by Th. Moufet, printed in 1634, there is, however, a woodcut of an insect which apparently represents a raphidiid. This figure must be considered the oldest illustration of a snake-fly. After Linnaeus' first nomenclaturally valid description of a snake-fly (Raphidia ophiopsis) in 1758, several authors during the second half of the 18th century published descriptions and — in at least 15 cases — also illustrations of snake-flies. Most of them were simply called “Raphidia ophiopsis” (although they were not this species in most cases), and only one more valid species was described before 1800: Raphidia notata Fabricius, 1781. It is of interest that apparently none of the authors prior to 1800 really studied the wing venation and recognized that it follows a certain regularity; at least, all illustrations show an imaginative and fanciful wing venation. One of the most important raphidiopterological publications before 1800 is that by Latreille 1799; it contains the first description and illustration of a larva and the first illustrations of male genital structures.
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Aspöck, H. 1998: Distribution and biogeography of the order Raphidioptera: updated facts and a new hypothesis. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 33–44.

The known distribution of extant Raphidioptera is restricted to the Holarctic, with the exception of the north and east of America. So far 204 valid extant species are known, 31 of which have been described within the past ten years, but the real number may exceed 250. Phylogenetic results indicate that the Raphidioptera of America derive from a Mesozoic fauna established before the separation of South America from Africa and the break-up of Laurasia. This fauna was much richer than the extant one, and snakeflies also occurred in tropical climates and in the Southern hemisphere. It is hypothesized that, due to the extraterrestrial impact at the end of the Cretaceous, 65 million years ago, all lines adapted to tropical climates became extinct and only those adapted to cold climates (Raphidiidae, Inocelliidae) survived.
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Aspöck, U. & Nemeschkal, H. L. 1998: A cladistic analysis of the Berothidae (Neuroptera). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 45–63.

In order to estimate phylogenetic relationships within the Berothidae, a cladistic analysis was performed with the program Hennig-86, resulting in the following groups: 1) an unresolved trichotomy consisting of Nyrma, Manselliberotha and Cyrenoberotha, and 2) four monophyletic groups, interpreted as subfamilies: Protobiellinae subfam. nov., Trichomatinae stat. nov., Nosybinae, and Berothinae, each being the sister group of the following groups together. Two genera of the former Berothinae (Protobiella, Austroberothella) constitute the Protobiellinae, two genera (Trichoberotha, Trichoma) constitute the Trichomatinae, and two genera formerly included in the Berothinae (Naizema, Spiroberotha) were transferred to the Nosybinae.
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Canard, M. 1998: Life history strategies of green lacewings in temperate climates: a review (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 65–74.

Numerous studies have been carried out on seasonality in West-Palaearctic and Nearctic chrysopids during the past 30 years. They are briefly surveyed here. Modalities of overwintering, the various types of diapause (adults, larvae, prepupae and pupae) as well as their theoretical hormonal regulation are reviewed. They show a high diversity in life history strategies. The influence of arrestment of development and voltinism on predation efficiency is discussed.
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The influence of sodium hypochlorite (as Javel water and an analytical grade product) on destruction of pedicels, the embryonic period, and the hatching of eggs of Chrysoperla mediterranea (Hölzel) was investigated. Proper choice of hypochlorite concentration and treatment time (90 sec) will destroy pedicels while keeping egg mortality below 30%.
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The influence of temperature on the reactivation and reproductive capacity of Chrysoperla mediterranea (Hölzel) adults after diapause was investigated. After 70 days of diapause under laboratory conditions, adults were reactivated by transfer to 15, 20, 25 and 30°C, at L:D 16:8, and compared to long day and short day controls. Reactivation was always possible, but the fecundity was decreased.
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The reproductive potential and predation capacity of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) was investigated under laboratory conditions at 24°C, 70% RH, and 12:12 photophase, with larvae feeding on Alabama argillacea (Hübner) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) eggs, and adults on yeast + honey (1:1). The results indicate that the prey species is suitable for mass rearing, and that Ch. externa larvae have significant potential for pest control in cotton fields.
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Devetak, D. 1998: Detection of substrate vibration in Neuropteroidea: a review. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 87–94.

The morphological and physiological aspects of vibrational communication in Neuropteroidea are discussed. In this insect superorder, four leg scolopidial organs exist. The morphology and position of the subgenual organ in Dichrostigma, Semidalis, Osmylus, Sisyra, Hemerobius and Chrysoperla are described. The ultrastructure of the scolopidium — a morphological unit of the subgenual organ — is detailed in Chrysoperla. Electrophysiologically it is demonstrated that the leg vibration receptors are most sensitive in Chrysoperla and Hemerobius, and less sensitive in Sialis. In Chrysoperla, from four different leg scolopidial organs only the subgenual organs and probably also femoral chordotonal organs are actual receptors for substrate vibration.
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Devetak, D. 1998: Neuroptera in different habitats in Istria and Quarnero (NW Balkan). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 95–98.

In the 1990s, different aspects of Neuroptera in Istria and Quarnero have been studied: Neuroptera in different plant communities and habitats, populations of Libelloides macaronius (Scopoli), and feeding habits of certain Neuroptera, such as predatory behaviour in antlion larvae and gut content in adults of Neuroptera. A list of species of the area is given. Certain ecosystems are characterized by certain assemblages of the Neuroptera.
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Dodds, C. & M^cEwen, P. K. 1998: Electroantennogram responses of green lacewings (Chrysoperla carnea) to plant volatiles: Preliminary results. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 99–102.

Preliminary electroantennogram results indicate that the green lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea) responds to a range of plant volatiles. These responses vary according to the sex and age of the insect, the latter supporting previously published work on lacewing dispersal.
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The aphid predator Chrysoperla carnea was released in cotton fields to study its effect on Aphis gossypii. Three treatments were used: 1) insecticidal spreading, 2) release of Ch. carnea eggs, and 3) release of Ch. carnea 2nd instar larvae. Over a study period of nearly 6 weeks, successful control (reduction by at least 95%) was obtained for all treatments, while the untreated control showed a high aphid density and a reduction in the number of flowers, cotton bolls and plant size. When pesticides were used the number of closed bolls was greater than when Ch. carnea was used.
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Flint, O. S., Jr. 1998: New species and records of Climacia from the Neotropics (Neuroptera, Sisyridae). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 107–117.

The Sisyrid genus Climacia is known only from the New World, and now contains 19 described species. The male genitalia and wings are figured for six new species: amalla (Venezuela), doradensis (Venezuela), insolita (Argentina, Brazil), lemniscata (Argentina), triplehorni (Argentina, Brazil), and versicolor (Argentina). The male genitalia are fully described for the first time for carpenteri (Brazil, Paraguay), chilena (Argentina, Chile), negrense (Brazil, Guyana), nota (Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela), and townesi (Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela). C. chapini is recorded from Mexico for the first time, and new records are presented for two other species.
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Greve, L. & Kobro, S. 1998: Preliminary data on abundance of phototactic Neuroptera and Raphidioptera in SE Norway as indicated by light-trap catches. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 119–120.

A light trap was operated during the years 1988–1996 at a locality in SE Norway from June to October. 1440 specimens belonging to 32 species of Neuroptera and 2 species of Raphidioptera were collected. A list of species is given. Only three species, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) s.l., Chrysopa pallens (Rambur, 1838) and Wesmaelius nervosus (Fabricius, 1793), were present in high abundance.
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Güsten, R. 1998: The morphology of the metathoracic gland system in the Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera): a preliminary overview. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 121–127.

The morphology of the metathoracic gland was investigated in 10 species from 6 tribes of the family Myrmeleontidae. The males of these species were also checked for the occurrence of abdominal glands. The metathoracic gland was found to be much more variable than in the few species of Myrmeleontini and Acanthaclisini investigated up to now. This is especially true for the relative size of male and female glandular reservoirs: species have now been found in Myrmecaelurini and Nemoleontini in which glands are equally developed in both sexes. Highly complex structures occur in Brachynemurini and Palparini. The presumed function of glandular secretions and the phylogeny of the family are discussed in the light of the new data.
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Hölzel, H. 1998: Zoogeographical features of Neuroptera of the Arabian peninsula. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 129–140.

The superorder Neuropterida is represented in the Arabian peninsula only by the order Neuroptera with nine families: Coniopterygidae (41 species), Sisyridae (one species), Mantispidae (two species), Berothidae (six species), Hemerobiidae (nine species), Chrysopidae (32 species), Nemopteridae (12 species), Myrmeleontidae (113 species), and Ascalaphidae (seven species). About 49% of the 224 species recorded are of Palaearctic origin. Among these, eremial elements predominate, and can be separated into two groups: Syroeremial elements (all endemics of the peninsula) and polycentric elements. The Afrotropical elements (51%) can be arranged into four main groups: a) Pan-African species, b) Sudanese species, c) Somalian species, and d) Arabian endemics of Afrotropical origin. Elements of the Oriental region are represented by two species of Coniopterygidae.
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The nature of lipids of the green lacewing Chrysoperla kolthoffi (Navás) was investigated in a population originating from the centre of France, at the beginning (September) and at the end (April) of the winter reproductive diapause. Both males and females showed a strong decrease in total lipid content, in which the neutral lipids constituted the main part. The percentage of phospholipids increased significantly during the post diapause, while that of glycerids decreased, especially in females. The link of the rate of neutral lipids towards a possible organophosphorous pesticide detoxication is discussed.
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Letardi, A. 1998: Present knowledge of Italian Neuropterida: history, distribution and current problems. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 145–149.

Fourteen families of Neuropterida, including 185 recorded taxa (species and subspecies) in 69 genera, occur in Italy. A review of the history of faunistical studies, an overview of territorial distribution, and notes on current problems are presented.
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M^cEwen, P. & Oswald, J. 1998: Neuroptera on the Internet. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 151–152.

The Internet is an important tool for academic researchers and for the business community. This short paper reviews Neuroptera-related Internet activities, and tells the reader how to access these valuable resources.
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Common green lacewings are geographically widespread, ubiquitous predators of soft-bodied arthropods and are often used in biological control programmes. These include inoculative and inundative releases of these insects, but this paper concentrates on a third approach, namely the conservation of naturally occurring populations. Various approaches to lacewing conservation, including the use of artificial overwintering chambers are discussed.
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Mencinger, B. 1998: Prey recognition in larvae of the antlion Euroleon nostras (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 157–161.

The behavioural responses of the antlion larva Euroleon nostras to substrate vibrational stimuli from three species of prey (Tenebrio molitor, Trachelipus sp., Pyrrhocoris apterus) were studied. The larva reacted to the prey with several behavioural patterns. The larva recognized its prey at a distance of 3 to 15 cm from the rim of the pit without seeing it, and was able to determine the target angle. The greatest distance of sand tossing was 6 cm. Responsiveness to the substrate vibration caused by the bug Pyrrhocoris apterus was very low.
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Mirmoayedi, A. 1998: Neuroptera of Iran. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 163–165.

Neuroptera were collected with light traps in many localities in Iran 1991–1996. The 39 species found are listed.
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New, T. R. 1998: Are Neuroptera an informative focal group for conservation assessment? — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 167–174.

Taxonomic and biological knowledge on Neuroptera varies greatly for different regional or national faunas, influencing capability to incorporate the order as a tool in conservation planning above the species level. Examples of the possible values of lacewings as umbrella or indicator taxa are discussed, and the faunas of Britain, Indonesia and Australia compared to reflect levels of understanding in different countries. In comparison with many other insect groups, Neuroptera currently have little broader conservation relevance, but greater understanding at two main levels (individual variation within widespread species, such as through fluctuating asymmetry; broader patterns of distribution and endemism) may increase their use in better-investigated regions. However, in comparison with many other insect groups, Neuroptera are likely to remain of very limited use for the foreseeable future
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New, T. R. 1998: Preliminary survey of the Mantispidae of south east Asia. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 175–181.

The genera of Mantispidae recorded from south east Asia are reviewed, and a preliminary key provided to distinguish the described taxa. All are Mantispinae. About half the approximately 60 species from south east Asia are at present referred to the Mantispa complex, and further study of these is needed. Distributional limits of most genera are unclear, and genitalic characters are at present secondary to other body features for most primary diagnoses. The features of the regional fauna are discussed.
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Ohm, P. & Hölzel, H. 1998: A contribution to the knowledge of the neuropterous fauna of the Comoros: the Neuroptera of Mayotte. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 183–194.

From the Comoro Islands 31 species of Neuroptera are known: 5 Coniopterygidae, 1 Osmylidae, 1 Berothidae, 5 Hemerobiidae, 15 Chrysopidae and 4 Myrmeleontidae. Most of these (11) are distributed in the Madagascan subregion and in continental Africa, some are common either to the Comoros and the continent (7) or to the Comoros and the Madagascan subregion (6), two have been found only on the Comoros, and five are not sufficiently known. A new synonym and a new combination are proposed: Cintameva polyneura Navás, 1940 is a synonym of Chrysopa duplicata Navás, 1934; Chrysopa sjoestedti Van der Weele, 1909 is to be transferred to Dichochrysa Yang, 1991 comb. nov.
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Orlova, N. A. 1998: Effects of photoperiod and temperature on diapause induction in Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 195–202.

Two populations of Chrysopa pallens were investigated, one from the Belgorod Region (50°N 36°E) and the other from the Mariupol Region (48°N 39°E). Ch. pallens, which belongs to a group of facultative multivoltine species, appeared to have the widest thermal optimum for photoperiodic responses (PhPR) as compared with other Chrysopa. The value of the critical threshold in the Belgorod population remained constant from 17 up to 20°C and decreased for an hour when temperature rose to 28°C. PhPR in the Mariupol population of Ch. pallens turned out to be temperature independent in the range from 20 to 28°C. Such reactions among chrysopids have not been observed earlier. It is also the first species shown to have a temperature-independent PhPR. Also the geographical variability of PhPR was unusual; in particular, the PhPR threshold at 28°N in the “southern” population appeared to be higher than in the “northern” one.
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Paulian, M. 1998: Occurrence of chrysopids (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) and activity of their populations within a sugar-beet agro-ecosystem in Rumania. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 203–205.

The occurrence of green lacewings was investigated in sugar-beet crops in Rumania. All stages of two species, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) s.l. and Chrysopa formosa Brauer were found established in the agro-ecosystem. Ch. carnea was dominant, constituting 90% of the total adult catches. Both species appeared from mid July, and maximum oviposition was found in mid August. The average frequency of plants bearing eggs and larvae reached 66 and 72% in 1995 and 1996, respectively. The average number of eggs per plant was three.
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The occurrence of green lacewings was investigated in peach orchards in Rumania. Eight species were recorded. The Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) complex (Ch. lucasina (Lacroix), Ch. kolthoffi (Navás) and Ch. carnea s. str.) were dominant. Their adults were collected on 67% and eggs found on 80% of the trees. The only other species established (present in adults and immature stages) was Chrysopa pallens (Rambur). The distribution and some characteristics of the movements of the green lacewings were recorded and commented on.
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Penny, N. D. 1998: The Neuroptera of Costa Rica – An overview. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 211–214.

Currently, 169 species of Neuroptera are known from Costa Rica. Although this fauna appears to be very rich, there seems to be little endemism.
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Popov, A. 1998: Bionomy and development of Nemoptera sinuata Olivier (Neuroptera, Nemopteridae). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 215–216.

Field observations on Nemoptera sinuata were carried out on adults between 1965 and 1967 in the Kresna Gorge of the Struma River (Southwest Bulgaria), and in the laboratory on reared adults, and eggs to second larvae.
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Röhricht, W. 1998: About the Neuroptera of St. Helena and Ascension islands (South Atlantic Ocean). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 217–219.

Neuroptera were collected during a short visit to two islands, Ascension and St. Helena. Two endemic species were known from St. Helena, and both can still be found on the island, in the remains of the native vegetation around the High Ridges. One of the three known introduced green lacewings, Chrysoperla pudica (Navás), also was recorded. Until today, Neuroptera were not known from Ascension Island. Now Chrysoperla pudica is recorded from this island too.
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Röhricht, W. 1998: Distribution of Myrmeleon (Morter) bore (Tjeder 1941). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 221–225.

The known world distribution of Myrmeleon (Morter) bore (Tjeder) is shown. All known references of original records of the ant lion are given. The distribution pattern is described as slightly meridional in suboceanical Eastern Asia, but usually subcontinentally submeridional–temperate and marginally boreal (circum-bottnical), and it is related to some ecological and climatical features.
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Adult green lacewings Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) were dosed topically with the insect growth regulator triflumuron dissolved in acetone, such that individual insects received 10 µg, 1 µg or 0.1 µg of the active ingredient. Triflumuron was not found to affect the fecundity or longevity of adult lacewings at any of the three doses used. However, egg viability was negatively affected. At the lowest dose a mean of 17.5% of eggs hatched, compared with a mean hatch rate of 67% for eggs produced from adults treated with acetone only. The subsequent development of the larvae was also monitored; at the lowest dose only 7% of larvae developed to the second instar, compared with 47.5% for the control. At the highest dose no eggs hatched.
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The effect of infection of Chrysoperla carnea larvae with the fungus Verticillium lecanii (Zimm.) Viegas was investigated in the laboratory with two fungal isolates under relative humidities of 65 and 95%. One isolate was highly pathogenic to third instar larvae, impaired their feeding and searching capacity, and decreased emergence of adults. Feeding of the larvae with infected aphids had similar effects, and also decreased fecundity. The other isolate had a weaker influence. Higher humidity increased effects. These results show the necessity to determine the timing of field releases of both entomopathogenic fungi and entomophagous predators and the need of host selective isolates of V. lecanii.
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Larvae of the common green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) were exposed for different time periods (30, 60 and 120 seconds) to the insect growth regulator triflumuron using two concentrations (3 and 10%) and subsequent effects on the rate of larval development recorded. All the instars were significantly affected (reduced success of moulting) by all treatment times as compared with the control. At the lowest exposure time (30 seconds) none of the first, 10% of the second and 30% of the third instar larvae were able to complete their development to adult as compared with 70% in the control. Adult common green lacewings were also exposed for different time periods to triflumuron and subsequent effects on fecundity, longevity and egg viability recorded. Significant effects of treatment were observed.
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Sziráki, G. 1998: Female internal genitalia of some Neuroptera of phylogenetic interest. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 243–247.

The female internal genitalia of the genera Coniocompsa and Heteroconis (Coniopterygidae), Rapisma (Rapismatidae), Drepanicus (Mantispidae) and Nemoptera (Nemopteridae) are described, and an overview of the female internal genitalia of all neuropterous families is given. Heteroconis (Aleuropterygini) are similar to those of Helicoconis (Fontenelleini), while Coniocompsa (Coniocompsini) show a derived status, and are quite different from all known genera in the subfamily Aleuropteyginae. Rapisma (Rapismatidae) are close to the typical plesiomorphic state of Megalithone (Ithonidae), while Nemoptera clearly differs from Dielocroce.
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Sziráki, G. 1998: Zoogeographic relations of South Asian coniopterygids (Neuroptera, Coniopterygidae). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 249–254.

At present 75 coniopterygid species are known from Yemen, from India and adjacent territories south of the high regions of the Himalaya, and from continental SE Asia. The fauna of Yemen is diverse, characterized by a group of species within the subgenus Xeroconiopteryx, distributed in the semiarid southern Palaearctic territories, by two Aleuropteryx species, which are very close to their vicariant relatives living in Tanzania, by the presence of the above all oriental genus Coniocompsa, and by the occurrence of the mainly Australian genus Cryptoscenea. In India and continental SE Asia some coniopterygids belong to a characteristic group of species within the subgenus Coniopteryx, and the same group is also important in the SE Palaearctic territories. Recently several Heteroconis species were recognized in Vietnam, and this genus seems to be a typical taxon not only for Australia and Indo-Malaysian islands, but also for continental SE Asia.
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A morphological study of the claws of a number of specimens of Chrysoperla Steinmann, from different parts of Europe, was carried out to find new characters useful for their identification, especially those of some sibling species constituting the carnea Stephens-complex. A discriminative factorial analysis of length, basal enlargement, tilting, and opening of claws produced usable results. The specimens from Greece constitute a distinct morph whose actual status is not yet established.
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Volkovich, T. A. 1998: Environmental control of seasonal cycles in green lacewings (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) from the forest-steppe zone of Russia. — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 263–275.

The seasonal cycles and their regulation were examined in ten species of green lacewings (Chrysopidae). All steps from the classical pattern of polyvoltinism (as in Chrysopa formosa) to univoltinism and two-year cycle with prolonged diapause (as in Chrysopa dorsalis) were found in the forest-steppe zone. In Chrysopa pallens, Chrysopa formosa, Chrysopa perla and Chrysoperla carnea photoperiod is the key factor in the determination of seasonal developmental pattern, while temperature is of minor importance. However, temperature restricts the active development of Chrysopa phyllochroma, Chrysopa abbreviata and Dichochrysa ventralis to the short period at the beginning of the summer. Photoperiodic control of their seasonal cycles take place only at a relatively high temperature while in cold seasons diapause is recorded even in the first generation. In Dichochrysa prasina, polymorphism in voltinism and diapausing stage were found. The adaptive significances of different seasonal strategies are discussed.
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Yasseri, A. M., Parzefall, J., Rietdorf, M. & Francke, W. 1998: New studies on the role of volatile compounds in antlions (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). — Acta Zool. Fennica 209: 277–284.

The hypothesis that male antlions use pheromones to attract females was tested on Euroleon nostras (Geoffroy in Fourcroy 1785). In female choice tests using a tube bifurcation, solitary males were not able to attract females. Females were strongly attracted by groups of males in group experiments, which indicates that volatiles act primarily as aggregation pheromones. To find out which compounds females react to, and whether the antennae are really the olfactory organs, tests were carried out on Myrmeleon bore with a GC-EAD apparatus (gas chromatograph coupled electro antenno detector). During collections of pheromones with paper points a previously undiscovered additional gland opening between the meta- and mesothorax was found in three antlion species: E. nostras, M. bore and Myrmeleon formicarius. Analysis of the secretions of M. bore and E. nostras shows a lower concentration and a different chemical composition compared with contents of known metathoracic gland openings.
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Acta Zoologica Fennica 209, 1998

Contents