Tonteri, A., Titov, S., Veselov, A., Zubchenko, A., Koskinen, M. T., Lesbarrères, D., Kaluzhin, S., Bakhmet, I., Lumme, J. & Primmer, C. R. 2005: Phylogeography of anadromous and non-anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from northern Europe. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 42: 1–22.
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Steiner, F. M., Schlick-Steiner, B. C., Sanetra, M., Ljubomirov, T., Antonova, V., Christian, E. & Stauffer, C. 2005: Towards DNA-aided biogeography: An example from Tetramorium ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). — Ann. Zool. Fennici 42: 23–35.
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Elmberg, J., Nummi, P., Pöysä, H., Gunnarsson, G. & Sjöberg, K. 2005: Early breeding teal Anas crecca use the best lakes and have the highest reproductive success. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 42: 37–43.
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Tomás, G., Merino, S., Martínez, J., Moreno, J. & Sanz, J. J. 2005: Stress protein levels and blood parasite infection in blue tits (Parus caeruleus): a medication field experiment. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 42: 45–56.
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Martínez-Solano, I., Alcobendas, M., Buckley, D. & García-París, M. 2005: Molecular characterisation of the endangered Salamandra salamandra almanzoris (Caudata, Salamandridae). — Ann. Zool. Fennici 42: 57–68.
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Fred, M. S. & Brommer, J. E. 2005: The decline and current distribution of Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus) in Finland; the role of Cd. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 42: 69–79. Tonteri, A., Titov, S., Veselov, A., Zubchenko, A., Koskinen, M. T., Lesbarrères, D., Kaluzhin, S., Bakhmet, I., Lumme, J. & Primmer, C. R. 2005: Phylogeography of anadromous and non-anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from northern Europe. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 42:1–22. Back to the top
Steiner, F. M., Schlick-Steiner, B. C., Sanetra, M., Ljubomirov, T., Antonova, V., Christian, E. & Stauffer, C. 2005: Towards DNA-aided biogeography: An example from Tetramorium ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). — Ann. Zool. Fennici 42: 23–35. Back to the top
Elmberg, J., Nummi, P., Pöysä, H., Gunnarsson, G. & Sjöberg, K. 2005: Early breeding teal Anas crecca use the best lakes and have the highest reproductive success. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 42: 37–43. Back to the top
Tomás, G., Merino, S., Martínez, J., Moreno, J. & Sanz, J. J. 2005: Stress protein levels and blood parasite infection in blue tits (Parus caeruleus): a medication field experiment. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 42: 45–56. Back to the top
Martínez-Solano, I., Alcobendas, M., Buckley, D. & García-París, M. 2005: Molecular characterisation of the endangered Salamandra salamandra almanzoris (Caudata, Salamandridae). — Ann. Zool. Fennici 42: 57–68. Back to the top
Fred, M. S. & Brommer, J. E. 2005: The decline and current distribution of Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus) in Finland; the role of Cd. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 42: 69–79.
Abstract
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The phylogeography of north European anadromous and non-anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations was investigated using 21 nuclear (microsatellites and allozymes) loci and mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. A neighbour-joining population tree revealed several statistically supported groupings that generally corresponded well with the sampling regions. A comparison of FST and RST estimates with a novel allele size permutation method suggested that at least two of the groups had diverged from each other already prior to the ice receding after the last ice age, thus suggesting that north European Atlantic salmon are derived from at least two separate refugia. We propose that the anadromous and non-anadromous salmon populations from the Baltic Sea basin most likely originate from a southeastern ice-lake refugium. The present day White and Barents Sea basins have probably been colonized from multiple refugia.
The increasing level of fine-scale systematics in insects requires sophisticated morphometric tools for species identification. As a consequence, regional species lists and biogeographic data tend to be ambiguous. We explore the use of DNA techniques in an example of palearctic ants of the myrmicine genus Tetramorium, in which morphology-based determination is difficult and frequently controversial. Several chorological facts are uncovered by the combined use of morphological characters and mitochondrial DNA sequences: Tetramorium moravicum is reported from Bulgaria and Ukraine, T. hungaricum from Austria and Bulgaria, while sequence comparisons question published records of T. semilaeve and T. forte in Eastern Europe. These findings have permitted us to delineate a biogeographic framework for T. forte, T. moravicum, T. semilaeve and T. hungaricum.
Teal (Anas crecca) broods were studied in 1988-2003 in a boreal watershed comprising 51 permanent wetlands. Brood size of near-fledged ducklings was negatively related to the hatching date, i.e. early pairs had higher reproductive success than late pairs. However, brood size of newly hatched ducklings was not related to the hatching date, implying that the advantage of early breeding is due to processes operating during the brood stage rather than during nesting. Half of the lakes never produced a brood, and among the 26 lakes that actually did, two `preferred' lakes generated 44% of the broods and 55% of the near-fledged ducklings. Early broods were over-represented on such `preferred' lakes, and late broods over-represented on `less preferred' lakes. Our study suggests that lake selection and early nesting may have important fitness consequences in teal.
It has been suggested that blood parasites are a source of physiological stress for avian hosts in the wild. We report the first experimental evidence relating blood parasite infection to the physiological stress response in a wild avian population. We reduced through medication the intensity of infection by Haemoproteus majoris and the prevalence of infection by Leucocytozoon majoris in half of a sample of female blue tits (Parus caeruleus). Results show that (i) control females had a higher final level of the stress protein HSP60 than medicated ones, (ii) the initial immunoglobulin level was negatively correlated with final HSP60 level, (iii) control females had a lower final body mass than medicated ones, body mass being negatively correlated with the number of blowfly pupae in the nest only for control females, and (iv) final female body mass was positively correlated with nestling tarsus length only for control females, which produced nestlings with shorter tarsi than medicated females. Responses of HSPs to parasitism, and associations with aspects of immune function and condition, suggest that the stress response may allow blue tits to maintain blood parasites under control during reproductive stress.
Salamandra salamandra is a polymorphic species with seven endemic subspecies in the Iberian Peninsula. Assignment of populations to subspecies in many areas is controversial because of discrepancies between morphological or molecular datasets. One potential intermixing area includes the Sistema Central Mountains, inhabited by S. s. almanzoris, a subspecies with a restricted distribution. In order to delimit the distribution area of S. s. almanzoris, we obtained sequences of the cytochrome-b gene in 84 individuals representing 26 populations covering the potential range of this subspecies and scored variation at 33 nuclear loci in ten of these populations through allozyme electrophoresis. S. s. almanzoris is fragmented into three disjoint groups of populations in the Sierras of Gredos, Guadarrama and San Vicente. The observation of (i) discordance between mtDNA and allozymes; (ii) coexistence of divergent mtDNA haplotypes in two populations; and (iii) discordance between external morphology and mtDNA haplotypes in different populations suggests recent events of secondary contact between S. s. almanzoris and other lineages within S. salamandra in the lowlands of the Sistema Central. We discuss the implications of these findings for the management of S. s. almanzoris populations in central Spain.
We tested two hypotheses that assume aspects of host-plant quality restrict the current distribution of Parnassius apollo. The "foreign host-plant hypothesis" states that host plants from outside the current range of P. apollo are, for some reason, unsuitable for the developing larvae. The "heavy-metal hypothesis" specifically attributes this unsuitability to a higher concentration of heavy metals (especially Cd) outside the current species' range than inside. We fed 60 larvae from two populations with host plants from their place of origin (control) or from an area outside the current distribution of the species (treatment). Treatment plants had lower Cd levels, which allowed us to separate between the two hypotheses. Larvae in the treatment group experienced positive effects on fitness-related traits such as weight at pupation, length of the last instar and food consumption. Hence, Cd appears to have a negative effect on developing P. apollo larvae and may therefore restrict the recolonisation of current populations into their former range. However, larvae from one population tolerated a concentration of Cd equally high as what was previously shown to be lethal. Such tolerance undermines the generality of attributing the decline and restrictions of P. apollo populations to high Cd concentrations.