Merilä, J. & Starks, P. 2002: New Directions — Editorial. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 1
Text
Kotiaho, J. S. & Hovi, M. 2002: Correcting species richness hotspots for latitudinal gradients: a new method. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 3–6.
Abstract
Full text (print quality pdf)
Reunanen, P., Mönkkönen, M. & Nikula, A. 2002: Habitat requirements of the Siberian flying squirrel in northern Finland: comparing field survey and remote sensing data. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 7–20.
Abstract
Full text (print quality pdf)
Park, K. J., Booth, F., Newborn, D. & Hudson, P. J. 2002: Breeding losses of red grouse in Glen Esk (NE Scotland): comparative studies, 30 years on. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 21–28.
Abstract
Full text (print quality pdf)
Jedrzejewski, W., Schmidt, K., Okarma, H. & Kowalczyk, R. 2002: Movement pattern and home range use by the Eurasian lynx in Bialowieza Primeval Forest (Poland). — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 29–41.
Abstract
Full text (print quality pdf)
Johannesen, E., Brudevoll, J., Jenstad, M., Korslund, L. & Kristoffersen, S. 2002: Behavioural dominance of grey-sided voles over bank voles in dyadic encounters. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 43–47.
Abstract
Full text (print quality pdf)
Eskelinen, O. 2002: Diet of the wood lemming Myopus schisticolor. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 49–57.
Abstract
Full text (print quality pdf)
Koskela, J. T., Kunnasranta, M., Hämäläinen, E. & Hyvärinen, H. 2002: Movements and use of haul-out sites of radio-tagged Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis Nordq.) during the open-water season. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 59–67.
Abstract
Full text (print quality pdf)
Sippola, A.-L., Siitonen, J. & Punttila, P. 2002: Beetle diversity in timberline forests: a comparison between old-growth and regeneration areas in Finnish Lapland. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 69–86.
Abstract
Full text (print quality pdf)
Merilä, J. & Starks, P. 2002: New Directions — Editorial. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 1.
With the number of new and increasingly specialised journals being launched, many existing journals are faced with new challenges and demands. Annales Zoologici Fennici is excited for the challenge. AnZF is a journal with a long and distinguished history: established in 1934, it ranks among the oldest existing zoology journals in the world. While this long tradition is in many ways a distinguished strength, AnZF is now introducing new measures to face the increased competition.
Starting with this volume, the journal has a new Editor-in-Chief and assisting Scientific Editor, both devoted to improving the journal's reputation and impact among the existing zoology journals. To reach these goals, a number of new procedures and measures have been, or are about to be, implemented.
First, due to the efforts of our managing editor, Krzysztof Raciborski, an electronic manuscript handling and managing system has been created. This system will make the editorial and review processes both quicker and more efficient. To maximize the benefit of our new system, the journal now strongly encourages authors to submit manuscripts electronically (see "Instructions for authors" for details).
Second, all electronically submitted manuscripts are forwarded via e-mail to referees for review, and this procedure has already resulted in a faster publication process. Having said that, it is worth noting that AnZF has been a fast outlet for publication even before introducing these new measures: the average time from submission to publication is approximately 4 months. We expect the new routines to reduce this time further.
Third, a new manuscript category — Rapid Communications — has been created. This category is reserved for high quality manuscripts presenting highly significant findings of broad interest. Such manuscripts will be published within one to three months from submission. When submitting a Rapid Communication, authors must provide a cover letter explaining why a particular paper should receive special treatment.
Fourth, to emphasise our wish to receive more manuscripts with evolutionary, phylogenetic and genetic content, as well as to exclude purely descriptive work of limited generality, we have slightly revised the scope of the journal (see inside front cover).
Fifth, due to an increase in the number of submissions, more selective publication of manuscripts has been possible. We hope this trend continues because the publication of outstanding papers is the key to further improving the quality of the journal.
In addition to outlining a few changes to the editorial process, we wish to draw attention to the fact that the journal has been now fully on-line for 7 years (visit: http://www.sekj.org/AnnZool.html). Currently, all issues from 1996 to 1999 are readable and printable from the web-site. The volumes of the last two years (2000–2001) are readable, but printing and downloading are allowed only for subscribers. The web-site has been a success: with approximately 3000 visitors monthly, the interest towards AnZF is unquestionable.
For authors considering submission to AnZF — and to those already familiar with AnZF — these changes should signal a clear message: the journal is going strong and will continue to do so in the future. With these words, the new editors — devoted to improving the visibility, quality and impact of the journal — hope to see an increasing flow of high quality manuscripts submitted to Annales Zoologici Fennici.
Helsinki 15 February 2002 Berkeley 15 February 2002 Juha Merilä, Editor-in-Chief Philip Starks, Editor
Kotiaho, J. S. & Hovi, M. 2002: Correcting species richness hotspots for latitudinal gradients: a new method. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 3–6.
Species richness hotspots are of critical importance in conserving biodiversity, but by using simple species richness in an area, there is an inevitable bias in favour of lower latitudes. We propose a simple method for estimating regionally representative species richness hotspots where the effect of latitudinal gradients is accounted for. By using this method, the same number of species are conserved but instead of being concentrated on lower latitudes the selected areas fall into much larger geographical regions resulting in a broader range of habitat types conserved. This method suits any scale and is also applicable to other kinds of environmental gradients. These points are illustrated with data on birds and dragonflies of Finland.
Reunanen, P., Mönkkönen, M. & Nikula, A. 2002: Habitat requirements of the Siberian flying squirrel in northern Finland: comparing field survey and remote sensing data. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 7–20.
In this study, we surveyed habitat characteristics of the Siberian flying squirrel in northern Finland. Forest structure in currently occupied sites was compared with random forest sites within the same old-growth forest area. We also studied whether the same habitat selection patterns can be detected directly from satellite images at the home-range scale. For this purpose we analysed forest characteristics that were associated with habitat use of radio-tracked individuals. Field survey showed that sites used by flying squirrels were in mixed spruce dominated forests with a relatively large amount of mature deciduous trees (particularly aspen). Similarly, the preference to mature spruce and avoidance of pine within home-ranges were also detectable from satellite images but the importance of deciduous trees was not perceived in this analysis. This study suggests that satellite imagery data provide a tool for finding potential forest sites for the Siberian flying squirrel in northern Finnish forest landscapes. However, our results also emphasise the need to develop GIS techniques further to identify very small scale forest characteristics more accurately and reliably than is possible at present.
Park, K. J., Booth, F., Newborn, D. & Hudson, P. J. 2002: Breeding losses of red grouse in Glen Esk (NE Scotland): comparative studies, 30 years on. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 21–28.
Hatching success, brood survival and predation rates of red grouse chicks were examined at four sites in north-east Scotland over two years (1994–1995). Two of these sites have previously been the focus of a large-scale population study on grouse during the late 1950s enabling a comparison to be made. A total of 85 hens were radio-tracked and their breeding success monitored over the two years. Compared with studies undertaken in the 1950s, mean clutch size had risen from 7.2 to 8.6 eggs. Of the 76 nests monitored, 17 (22.4%) broods were lost either through egg or chick predation or by the adult being taken by a predator during incubation. Stoats appeared to be responsible for the largest amount of egg predation. There was a significant increase in predation levels, although hatching success was not significantly different from the 1950s. Chick mortality was highest within the first ten days, a similar result to that found in the 1950s. Overall, mean brood survival from hatching to 20 days was 55.1%. Possible reasons for larger clutch sizes, and the apparent increase in predation levels, are discussed.
Jedrzejewski, W., Schmidt, K., Okarma, H. & Kowalczyk, R. 2002: Movement pattern and home range use by the Eurasian lynx in Bialowieza Primeval Forest (Poland). — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 29–41.
The movement patterns of free-living lynx, Lynx lynx, were studied by radio-telemetry in Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland. Eighteen lynx were fitted with radio-collars and their movements were recorded by continuous 24-h sequences and daily relocations. On average, lynx moved 7.2 km per day, and males covered longer distances than females (9.0 and 6.8 km, respectively). In males, the daily movement distances were 56% longer during the mating season (January–March) than during the rest of the year. Females moved 43% longer distances during the period of intensive care for kittens (May–August) than in other periods. Males covered longer routes than females and stayed far from the location of the previous day. Females' movements were more concentrated as they moved intensively but stayed close to the previous day's location. The lynx travelled with an average speed of 1.2 km h–1 with males moving faster than females (1.5 and 1.0 km h–1, respectively). Males travelled even faster (on average 1.9 km h–1) during the mating season. During a day lynx utilised an area comprising only 1.7%–2.6% of their annual home range. The home ranges were used with rather low intensity (31 to 50 m of lynx route per 1 km2 of home range), still lower in males than in females. The lynx moved the longest distances (14 km day–1, on average) on days when they failed to kill large prey, and the shortest ones (2.8 km day–1) on the first day after making a kill. The results suggest that males tend to maximise their reproductive success by increasing an opportunity to meet receptive females, whereas females increase their reproductive success via adjusting their behaviour to the needs of kittens.
Johannesen, E., Brudevoll, J., Jenstad, M., Korslund, L. & Kristoffersen, S. 2002: Behavioural dominance of grey-sided voles over bank voles in dyadic encounters. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 43–47.
Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) and grey-sided voles (C. rufocanus) occur sympatrically in northern Europe and are considered competitors. Due to its larger size, the grey-sided vole is believed to be dominant. In this study, arena tests were used to study the inter-specific dominance relationship between reproducing C. glareolus and C. rufocanus females early in the breeding season. The study was conducted in the natural environment of the two species, in an area where they occur sympatrically. We found that the two species behaved similarly in dyadic tests meeting a conspecific, but that grey-sided voles behaved more dominant and bank voles more defensive in interspecific tests.
Eskelinen, O. 2002: Diet of the wood lemming Myopus schisticolor. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 49–57.
The diet of the wood lemming Myopus schisticolor (Lilljeborg) was studied in eastern Finland in 1997 and 1998. The most preferred habitat of the wood lemming is an old spruce dominated-forest with a thick moss cover. In winter, it prefers drier areas than in summer. The wood lemming feeds mainly on moss with Dicranum and Polytrichum as the most preferred species. Different moss species and faeces were collected at the feeding places and dried. The contents of nitrogen and carbon were determined both in the faeces and in the moss species most probably fed by lemmings at a particular place. The nitrogen and carbon contents in the moss species correlated significantly with their contents in faeces. The nitrogen content was highest in the Dicranum and Polytrichum species. This may be one reason for the preference of these moss species than more common Pleurozium and Hylocomium species.
Koskela, J. T., Kunnasranta, M., Hämäläinen, E. & Hyvärinen, H. 2002: Movements and use of haul-out sites of radio-tagged Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis Nordq.) during the open-water season. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 59–67.
The movements and use of haul-out sites of nine adult Saimaa ringed seals (Phoca hispida saimensis) were monitored by VHF-radiotelemetry during the open-water season. Saimaa seals exhibited a high degree of site fidelity. The home range of this subspecies is probably smaller than that of ringed seals living in the sea. The main living area of one male was about 3 km2 and whole living area about 20 km2. All seals used more than one haul-out site during the study periods. Maximum distances between different haul-out sites of studied seals ranged from 2.7 km to 13.0 km. Moreover, the wintering areas of five seals were the same as the summertime haul-out site of each seal. The first translocation experiment on the Saimaa ringed seal was made in this study. After translocation of 100 km, mature female moved 18 km and showed a high degree of site fidelity in her new environment.
Sippola, A.-L., Siitonen, J. & Punttila, P. 2002: Beetle diversity in timberline forests: a comparison between old-growth and regeneration areas in Finnish Lapland. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 69–86.
We compared beetle fauna among six types of forests: (1) old-growth pine, (2) old-growth spruce and (3) old-growth mixed forests; (4) 1-year-old and (5) 15-year-old seed-tree cut pine forests, and (6) 15-year-old clear-cut spruce forests using window trapping. In the old-growth forests, species richness was explained by site productivity, amount and quality of coarse woody debris (CWD), and tree species composition. Many of the explaining variables, e.g., site productivity, volume of living timber and volume of CWD were intercorrelated. Beetle assemblages varied according to the site fertility and successional stage. The species compositions of non-saproxylic species were rather similar in the seed-tree-cut areas and in the old-growth pine forests, but the species composition of saproxylics differed between the two forest types. On the contrary, the species compositions of both saproxylics and non-saproxylics differed distinctly between the old-growth spruce forest and clear-cut sites. Species colonising recently died trees, soil-dwelling open-habitat species and some polypore-living cisids were more abundant in regeneration areas than in old-growth forests, whereas species of many other mycetophagous beetle families were practically absent from the logged sites. Compared with old-growth forests, the proportion of nationally rare saproxylic species was high at the recently cut sites, but clearly lower at the old regeneration sites. This indicates that in the long run the changes in the amount and quality of CWD may have detrimental effects to rare saproxylic species in the regeneration areas.