ISSN 0003-3847
© Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2003

Contents of Volume 40 Number 5, 2003

Battal, P., Turker, M. & Tileklioâlu, B. 2003: Effects of different mineral nutrients on abscisic acid in maize (Zea mays). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 301–308.
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Brzosko, E. & Wróblewska, A. 2003: Low allozymic variation in two island populations of Listera ovata (Orchidaceae) from NE Poland. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 309–315.
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He-Nygrén, X. & Piippo, S. 2003: Phylogenetic relationships of the generic complex ChiloscyphusLophocoleaHeteroscyphus (Geocalycaceae, Hepaticae): Insights from three chloroplast genes and morphology. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 317–329.
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Lammi, A., Vallius, E., Vauhkonen, T. & Kuitunen, M. 2003: Outcrossing, hybridization, pollen quantity, and the evolution of deceptive pollination in Dactylorhiza incarnata. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 331–338.
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Rossini Oliva, S. & Valdés, B. 2003: Metal concentrations in Seville orange (Citrus aurantium) fruits from Seville (Spain) and Palermo (Italy). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 339–344.
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Tahvanainen, T., Sallantaus, T. & Heikkilä, R. 2003: Seasonal variation of water chemical gradients in three boreal fens. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 345–355.
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Margonska, H. B. 2003: Materials towards a revision of the genus Pseudoliparis (Orchidaceae, Malaxidinae). 2. Section Oistochilus. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 357–372.
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Marhold, K., Grulich, V. & Hodálová, I. 2003: Taxonomy and nomenclature of Senecio paludosus (Compositae) in Europe. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 373–379.
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Nomenclatural novelties in Ann. Bot. Fennici 40(5). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 380.
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Battal, P., Turker, M. & Tileklioâlu, B. 2003: Effects of different mineral nutrients on abscisic acid in maize (Zea mays). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 301–308.

The effects of different concentrations of various macroelements on growth and endogenous ABA (absisic acid) levels in root, stem, leaf and flower tissue of maize (Zea mays) were studied. Plants were cultivated in sand and supplied twice a week with a nutrient solution containing optimum, excessive or deficient concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and iron. Plants were harvested at three different stages: vegetative (4–5 leaves), flowering, and fruiting. Fresh weight, leaf and stem size, leaf number and ABA concentrations differed remarkably between plants cultured in abnormal concentrations of macroelements compared to the controls. In general, deprivation of macroelements caused an increase in ABA levels. Deficiency of N, P, K, S and Fe in the nutrient solution resulted in marked increases in the levels of ABA extracted from root, leaf, stem and flower at the three developmental stages. Excessive concentrations of these macroelements resulted in a decrease in ABA levels in all parts of plants at all three stages as compared with their respective controls. ABA levels in roots, stems, and leaves were elevated from 3% to 159% in N, P, K, and S limited plants whereas the levels of ABA in these same organs were reduced from 1% to 98% in the presence of excessive levels of N, K, P and S.

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Brzosko, E. & Wróblewska, A. 2003: Low allozymic variation in two island populations of Listera ovata (Orchidaceae) from NE Poland. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 309–315.

Two populations of the orchid species Listera ovata localised on mineral islands in the Biebrza National Park (NE Poland) were genetically examined with 32 allozyme loci. Genetic diversity was low (P = 9.4%; A = 1.09; Ho = 0.058). A moderate but significant genetic differentiation among the two populations was found (FST = 0.101). The observed low genetic variation was most likely a result of small population size and genetic drift. Because the populations are on islands and have a low allozymic variation, they are prone to extinction. Loss of any single genotype would lead to a substantial reduction in the overall genetic diversity of the populations.

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He-Nygrén, X. & Piippo, S. 2003: Phylogenetic relationships of the generic complex ChiloscyphusLophocoleaHeteroscyphus (Geocalycaceae, Hepaticae): Insights from three chloroplast genes and morphology. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 317–329.

We attempted to reconstruct the phylogeny of the generic complex Chiloscyphus–Lophocolea–Heteroscyphus (Geocalycaceae, Hepaticae) by using sequence data from three regions of the chloroplast genome, rbcL, trnL-trnF and psbT-psbH, and 17 morphological characters, and to explore character evolution. Twenty-one taxa exemplars were selected and 2141 characters from both sequence and morphology were applied for parsimony-based analyses. The combined molecular data set, the morphological data set and the combined molecular and morphological data set were analysed. Our results identify the monophyly of the Chiloscyphus–Lophocolea–Heteroscyphus complex and support combining Chiloscyphus and Lophocolea into a single genus, Chiloscyphus. Our results also reveal that Chiloscyphus s. lato forms a sister group to the genus Heteroscyphus. Chiloscyphus s. stricto is closely allied to both subgenus Lophocolea section Heterophyllae and section Lophocolea, although morphologically section Lophocolea has a very different leaf form, leaf insertion and male and female inflorescences. The analyses compiled from the combined morphological and sequence data suggest that Heteroscyphus is the most derived group among the complex. The generic complex here includes the genus Chiloscyphus, consisting of subgenera Chiloscyphus and Lophocolea, and the genus Heteroscyphus. Heteroscyphus section Connatus is synonymized as section Heteroscyphus based on both morphological and molecular data. The analysis of morphological variation in combination with molecular data reveals that the individual morphological characters of the Chiloscyphus–Lophocolea–Heteroscyphus complex vary in their utility for classification.

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Lammi, A., Vallius, E., Vauhkonen, T. & Kuitunen, M. 2003: Outcrossing, hybridization, pollen quantity, and the evolution of deceptive pollination in Dactylorhiza incarnata. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 331–338.

We conducted two hand-pollination experiments in the nectarless orchid Dactylorhiza incarnata to test two hypotheses explaining the evolution of deceptive pollination in orchids. In the first experiment testing the "outcrossing" hypothesis, we pollinated flowers with pollinia from different crossing distances, and with interspecific pollinia (Dactylorhiza maculata). In the second experiment testing the "pollinia" hypothesis, we used only conspecific pollinia, but varied the number of pollinia received per stigma. Pollen source (self-pollination, cross-pollination within population, cross-pollination between populations, and interspesific pollination) did not affect female reproductive success of flowers. Increase in the number of pollinia received per stigma had a positive effect on reproductive success. Thus, a plant could benefit from repeated pollinator visits. Our results suggest that pollinator visitation rates may be more important for reproductive success than the pollinia source, and that neither the "outcrossing" nor the "pollinia" hypothesis was clearly supported.

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Rossini Oliva, S. & Valdés, B. 2003: Metal concentrations in Seville orange (Citrus aurantium) fruits from Seville (Spain) and Palermo (Italy). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 339–344.

Five samples of Seville orange (Citrus aurantium) fruits from trees growing in the cities of Seville (Spain) and Palermo (Italy) were analysed for metal concentrations. Ten elements (Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) were determined by simultaneous inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A sample from a rural area was also analysed for comparison. The effect of washing on accumulation capacity was also investigated, as well as the correlation between contaminants. The data show that Seville orange fruits do not retain high concentrations of heavy metals, except for barium, cadmium and zinc. Mesocarp accumulates less heavy metals than epicarp. Washing has a different effect on accumulation depending on the element. There is a positive correlation between lead and manganese concentration values.

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Tahvanainen, T., Sallantaus, T. & Heikkilä, R. 2003: Seasonal variation of water chemical gradients in three boreal fens. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 345–355.

Surface water chemistry was monitored in three fens through one growing season by weekly sampling in the southern aapa mire zone, middle boreal Finland. The fens included a soligenous moderately rich fen, a soligenous extremely poor fen, and a topogenous extremely poor fen. The chemical variables most clearly related to the poor–rich gradient were pH, alkalinity, Ca, Mg, and Na concentrations. The soligenous and topogenous extremely poor fens differed in DOC, Al, Fe, Si, and S concentrations. The main chemical gradients were related to the season. In early summer (June to July) the chemical gradients were variable and weakly definable. In late summer (August to September) the gradients were more stable and separated the three fens clearly. Late summer is suggested optimal for comparable sampling of surface water in boreal fens.

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Margonska, H. B. 2003: Materials towards a revision of the genus Pseudoliparis (Orchidaceae, Malaxidinae). 2. Section Oistochilus. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 357–372.

Pseudoliparis section Oistochilus (Orchidaceae, Malaxidinae) is revised taxonomically. A new nomenclatural combination at the species level is proposed and a lectotype is designated for Pseudoliparis graminifolia (Schltr.) Szlach. & Marg.

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Marhold, K., Grulich, V. & Hodálová, I. 2003: Taxonomy and nomenclature of Senecio paludosus (Compositae) in Europe. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 373–379.

European populations of Senecio paludosus can be classified into three subspecies: subsp. paludosus, subsp. angustifolius and subsp. lanatus. They differ in the indument of cauline leaves and achenes as well as in the shape of cauline leaves. Taxonomic conspectus and full synonymy is provided for each subspecies, including information on type specimens. Lectotypes are designated for ten names.

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