Browning, J. & Gordon-Gray, K. D. 1999: The inflorescence in southern African species of Bolboschoenus (Cyperaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 81–97.
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Einarsson, A. & Milberg, P. 1999: Species richness and distribution in relation to light in wooded meadows and pastures in southern Sweden. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 99–107.
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Funes, G., Basconcelo, S., Díaz, S. & Cabido, M. 1999: Seed bank dynamics of Lachemilla pinnata (Rosaceae) in different plant communities of mountain grasslands in central Argentina. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 109–114.
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Grolle, R. & Zhu, R.-L. 1999: Drepanolejeunea longii (Lejeuneaceae, Hepaticae), a new species from Bhutan. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 115–118.
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Lindholm, M., Eronen, M., Timonen, M. & Meriläinen, J. 1999: A ring-width chronology of Scots pine from northern Lapland covering the last two millennia. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 119–126.
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Potemkin, A. D. 1999: On the evolution and classification of Scapania (Hepaticae) — subgenus Plicaticalyx. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 127–136.
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Rajput, K. S. & Rao, K. S. 1999: Structural and developmental studies on cambial variant in Pupalia lappacea (Amaranthaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 137–141.
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Sonck, C. E. & Øllgaard, H. 1999: Two new Taraxacum species from the Inari region in northern Finland. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 143–148.
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Wennström, A. & Hagner, Å. 1999: The distribution of the smut Urocystis junci and its effect on the host plant Juncus balticus on the shores of the Gulf of Bothnia, Sweden. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 149–155.
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Browning, J. & Gordon-Gray, K. D. 1999: The inflorescence in southern African species of Bolboschoenus (Cyperaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 81–97.
Inflorescence construction within the southern African species of Bolboschoenus (L.) Palla, namely, B. glaucus (Lam.) S. G. Smith, B. maritimus (L.) Palla s. str., and B. nobilis (Ridley) Goetghebeur & D. A. Simpson is discussed and illustrated diagrammatically and photographically. A glossary of terminology is given. [Note that B. maritimus s. str. excludes B. glaucus, which is often included by authors in B. maritimus s. lat.] The basic inflorescence pattern covers a considerable range from a solitary spikelet to complex, compound inflorescences with three orders of branches and hundreds of spikelets. For each entity, inflorescence limits are variable, correlated it would seem with plant robustness and growing conditions.
Einarsson, A. & Milberg, P. 1999: Species richness and distribution in relation to light in wooded meadows and pastures in southern Sweden. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 99–107.
Hay meadows and unfertilised pastures are of great importance for floral and faunal conservation work since a number of rare species are confined to them. Traditional meadows in Scandinavia have shrub and tree layers which have to be managed in order to maintain an appropriate composition and density of shrubs and trees. We examined how light affects the distribution of species in wooded meadows and pastures in southern Sweden. Herbaceous species were recorded in square-metre plots along 60 light gradients. Species composition varied significantly with light availability. Species typical for open areas tended to be confined to them but species characteristic of shaded areas also grew in unshaded plots. Species richness increased with light availability but was not related to grass sward density. The use of the latter as an indicator of management status is therefore questionable, and light availability might be a better tool for evaluating the effectiveness of conservation management and restoration practices involving species-rich meadows or pastures.
Funes, G., Basconcelo, S., Díaz, S. & Cabido, M. 1999: Seed bank dynamics of Lachemilla pinnata (Rosaceae) in different plant communities of mountain grasslands in central Argentina. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 109–114.
We studied the soil seed bank of Lachemilla pinnata (Ruiz & Pav.) Rothm. (Rosaceae) in the main vegetation patches that make up mountain grasslands on granitic substrate in central Argentina: moist swards, tall-tussock grasslands and stony grasslands. Ten compound soil samples from each community at two soil depths (0–5 cm and 5–10 cm) were taken. In general, the density of the germinable seed bank of L. pinnata was larger in autumn after the seed rain, increased with its relative cover in the established vegetation, and sharply decreased with soil depth. The seed bank of L. pinnata was classified as short-term persistent. Its density was higher in moist swards, where it was abundant and could produce flowers and fruits, than in stony grasslands where its cover was very low, or tall-tussock grasslands, where no flowering events were recorded. On those bases, moist-sward patches are expected to play a more important role than, tall-tussock grasslands or stony grasslands in the maintenance of local populations of L. pinnata.
Grolle, R. & Zhu, R.-L. 1999: Drepanolejeunea longii (Lejeuneaceae, Hepaticae), a new species from Bhutan. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 115–118.
A new species, Drepanolejeunea longii Grolle & R.L. Zhu, is described and illustrated from Bhutan. It is similar to D. pulla (Mitt.) Grolle, but differs in its falcate leaves with serrate margins, absence of gynoecial innovations, and 2(–3) uniseriate cells of the underleaf lobe apex.
Lindholm, M., Eronen, M., Timonen, M. & Meriläinen, J. 1999: A ring-width chronology of Scots pine from northern Lapland covering the last two millennia. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 119–126.
We have built a reliable ring-width chronology of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in northern Lapland, starting from the year 50 AD and covering the last two millennia. The chronology is built from 68 living trees and 274 dead trees, collected between 68°–70° N and 21°–30°E. The bulk of the data from dead trees has been published previously. In these earlier works the chronology was built without standardizing the series. We have now rebuilt the chronology using proper analytical tools. Thus the interpretations have also been revised. Periods of enhanced and suppressed pine growth in the northern timberline region during the last two millennia are presented. A comparison is also made between the northern chronology and a millennial chronology from southeastern Finland. Moreover we apply means of measuring the strength of the common `signal' in tree-ring chronologies and chronology reliability as a function of time.
Potemkin, A. D. 1999: On the evolution and classification of Scapania (Hepaticae) — subgenus Plicaticalyx. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 127–136.
Subgenus Plicaticalyx (Müll. Frib.) H. Buch is a sharply defined group of Scapania (Dumort.) Dumort. delimited primarily on the stem and perianth characters. The species composition of Plicaticalyx is revised to include only three species, Scapania ferruginea (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees, S. orientalis Müll. Frib., and S. ciliatospinosa Horik. A key to the recognized species of Plicaticalyx with revised descriptions is provided. Phylogenetic relationships of Plicaticalyx with other Scapania are considered.
Rajput, K. S. & Rao, K. S. 1999: Structural and developmental studies on cambial variant in Pupalia lappacea (Amaranthaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 137–141.
Secondary growth in the stem of Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. (Amaranthaceae) resulted in the development of successive rings of cambium. The cambium was storied, consisting only of fusiform cambial cells. Cessation of cell division in each cambial ring was followed by development of a new cambium from the outermost phloem parenchyma produced by the preceding cambium. Absence of ray cambial cells resulted in development of rayless secondary xylem and phloem. Development of conducting elements of xylem and phloem was restricted to the fascicular sector of cambial ring. Interfascicular sector of cambium gave rise to xylem fibres centripetally and axial parenchyma centrifugally. Xylem fibres retained their nucleus even after lignification of cell walls. Raylessness of the stem and possible significance of nucleated fibres are discussed.
Sonck, C. E. & Øllgaard, H. 1999: Two new Taraxacum species from the Inari region in northern Finland. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 143–148.
Two new Taraxacum L. species, T. cariciphilum Sonck & H. Øllg. and T. rangiferinum Sonck & H. Øllg., both belonging to the indigenous sect. Taraxacum (Crocea M. P. Chr.), are described, and a survey of localities is given. The importance of cultivation as a tool to understand the morphological variability of the species in this section is demonstrated.
Wennström, A. & Hagner, Å. 1999: The distribution of the smut Urocystis junci and its effect on the host plant Juncus balticus on the shores of the Gulf of Bothnia, Sweden. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 149–155.
The distribution of the smut Urocystis junci Lagerheim on Juncus balticus Willd. was studied in Sweden along the Bothnian Bay of the Gulf of Bothnia. There was a marked decline in the frequency of the smut between the lower (mean 28%) and middle-upper geolittoral zones (mean 1%). Diseased ramets of J. balticus produced, on an average, more culms than healthy ramets did. The smut U. junci had a negative effect on the number and weight of capsules. The importance of environmental factors for the local and regional distribution of U. junci on J. balticus is discussed.