Chung, M. G. 1999: Allozyme diversity in the endangered herb Lycoris sanguinea var. koreana (Amaryllidaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 1–7.
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Jalas, J. 1999: Atlas Florae Europaeae notes. 14. Nomenclatural adjustments in Hylotelephium (Crassulaceae) and new combinations in Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 9–10.
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Jauhiainen, J. & Silvola, J. 1999: Photosynthesis of Sphagnum fuscum at long-term raised CO2 concentrations. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 11–19.
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Kärkönen, A., Simola, L. K. & Koponen, T. 1999: Micropropagation of several Japanese woody plants for horticultural purposes. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 21–31.
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Kauppi, A., Kauppi, M. & Ulvinen, T. 1999: A new columnar form of Betula pubescens from Finland: morphological characteristics and micropropagation. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 33–41.
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Matteri, C. M. & Calabrese, G. M. 1999: Taxonomic notes and distribution of Matteria papillosula and Microdus euchlorus, from northern Patagonia (Argentina), with a new combination in Campylopodium (Bryopsida). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 43–49.
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Ochyra, R. 1999: Antipodal mosses: IX. Platydictya (Bryopsida, Hypnaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 51–58.
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Onaindia, M. & Amezaga, I. 1999: Natural regeneration in salt marshes of northern Spain. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 59–66.
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Trass, H., Vellak, K. & Ingerpuu, N. 1999: Floristical and ecological properties for identifying of primeval forests in Estonia. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 67–80.
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Chung, M. G. 1999: Allozyme diversity in the endangered herb Lycoris sanguinea var. koreana (Amaryllidaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 1–7.
Lycoris sanguinea Maxim. var. koreana (Nakai) Koyama (Amaryllidaceae), a sexually and clonally reproducing herbaceous perennial, is distributed in a few localities in the southern Korea and Japan (Kyushu and Tsushima Island). Seven Korean populations of the variety were analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis to measure genetic variation at 19 allozyme loci. Populations of L. sanguinea var. koreana maintain similar levels of allozyme diversity (percent of polymorphic loci, P = 15% and mean expected heterozygosity, He = 0.052) to values for its widespread congener L. chinensis Traub. Genetic divergence among populations of the variety was low (mean GST = 0.092). This might be due to recent divergence of populations in Korea. As nearly all genetic diversity in the variety is contained within populations, conserving on one Korean population of the variety would maintain most of the genetic diversity in the Korean populations as a whole.
Jalas, J. 1999: Atlas Florae Europaeae notes. 14. Nomenclatural adjustments in Hylotelephium (Crassulaceae) and new combinations in Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 9–10.
Despite a recent proposal, Sedum decumbens Lucé is hardly available as basionym in designating a member of the Hylotelephium maximum group. On the other hand, there are good reasons to add the Caucasian representative of the group, H. caucasicum (Grossh.) Ohba (based on Sedum maximum (L.) Hoffm. var. caucasicum Grossh.) into the synonymy of Hylotelephium maximum (L.) Holub subsp. ruprechtii (Jalas) Dostál. The following new nomenclatural combinations are proposed: Saxifraga exarata Vill. subsp. carniolica (Huter) Jalas, S. exarata subsp. basaltica (Braun-Blanq.) Jalas, and S. pedemontana All. subsp. pedatifida (Bonnier & Layens) Jalas.
Jauhiainen, J. & Silvola, J. 1999: Photosynthesis of Sphagnum fuscum at long-term raised CO2 concentrations. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 11–19.
Rate of net photosynthesis in Sphagnum fuscum (Schimp.) Klinggr. was measured during long-term (50–122 days), and subsequently during short-term (1/2 h), exposure to 350, 700, 1000 or 2000 ppm CO2 concentrations. Raised CO2 concentrations caused a general increase in the rate of net photosynthesis, increasing the rate of photosynthesis at light saturation and causing a given rate of net CO2 exchange to be reached at lower light fluxes. The relative increase in the rate of net photosynthesis by increasing radiation fluxes was independent of the CO2 treatment. The rates of net photosynthesis at enhanced CO2 concentrations gradually decreased compared to rates found with the 350 ppm treatment and this acclimation was also noticed during short-term exposure to all four CO2 concentrations. At 2000 ppm of CO2, the depression of net photosynthesis at high water contents, found at lower CO2 concentrations, was removed. Observed rates of net photosynthesis indicated that water-use efficiency of Sphagna was not coupled with constant long-term CO2 concentrations.
Kärkönen, A., Simola, L. K. & Koponen, T. 1999: Micropropagation of several Japanese woody plants for horticultural purposes. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 21–31.
Axillary buds of 43 Japanese broad-leaved species were collected and used to initiate micropropagation cultures. Four nutrient media (MS, DKW, WPM, A3) were tested with different combinations of growth regulators (BAP or 2iP alone or together with IBA or IAA). Ten species (Callicarpa dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch, Chosenia arbutifolia (Pallas) B. V. Skvortz., Lonicera chamissoi Bunge, Maackia amurensis Rupr. & Maxim., Morus alba L., Populus maximowiczii Henry, Prunus nipponica Matsum., Ribes japonicum Maxim., Salix sachalinensis F. Schmidt, Toisusu urbaniana (Seemen) Kimura) produced shoot cultures which could be used for micropropagation of numerous plantlets. The shoots were rooted on IBA supplemented medium and transplanted to a peat-sand mixture; most of them survived under the greenhouse conditions. Many species have survived the following winters out of doors, but some of them have shown cold damage. It is apparent that the long-day conditions in south Finland (60°N) affect the development of dormancy of Japanese woody plants (Hokkaido 42–43°N), but some of them may be used for horticultural purposes.
Kauppi, A., Kauppi, M. & Ulvinen, T. 1999: A new columnar form of Betula pubescens from Finland: morphological characteristics and micropropagation. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 33–41.
A new form of pubescent birch, Betula pubescens Ehrh. f. columnaris T. Ulvinen f. nova found in Finland, OP, Oulunsalo, in 1992, is introduced and a detailed morphological description including scanning electron microscopy of buds is presented. The birch is characterized by a slender growth habit due to dense ramification and shortness of the branches. Almost all the buds on the distal branches burst and form short twigs. Some of these young shoots die for lack of light and space and dry up during the same summer, but the majority are preserved, giving the tree a compact, pillar-like appearance. The basic cause of this deviant crown architecture is assumed to be a mutation that leads to untimely activation of the axillary meristems, formation of bud clusters and even proleptic branching. The birch has been cloned and has aroused interest in nurseries as a potential decorative tree.
Matteri, C. M. & Calabrese, G. M. 1999: Taxonomic notes and distribution of Matteria papillosula and Microdus euchlorus, from northern Patagonia (Argentina), with a new combination in Campylopodium (Bryopsida). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 43–49.
Two Chilean moss species endemic to the region, Matteria papillosula (Thér.) Goffinet and Microdus euchlorus (Mont.) Besch., are reported for the first time from northern Patagonia in Argentina. Both taxa are described and illustrated. Microdus euchlorus is transferred to Campylopodium (C. Müll.) Besch. as C. euchlorum (Mont.) Matteri comb. nov., and Dicranella flexipes Card. & Broth. and D. costata Broth. are placed in synonymy.
Ochyra, R. 1999: Antipodal mosses: IX. Platydictya (Bryopsida, Hypnaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 51–58.
A taxonomic and nomenclatural history of Platydictya Berk. is outlined and the genus is considered to be a member of the Hypnaceae. Platydictya densissima (Card.) Robins., a species originally described from the Antarctic as Amblystegium densissimum Card. and considered to be endemic to this region, is briefly evaluated. It is shown that this species is identical to the holarctic P. jungermannioides (Brid.) Crum which is now established as a bipolar disjunct and is the only representative of the genus Platydictya in the Southern Hemisphere. Platydictya jungermannioides is very rare in Tierra del Fuego and on South Georgia, whereas in the maritime Antarctic it is locally frequent, extending from the South Orkney Islands to Alexander Island. The austral plants of P. jungermannioides are described and illustrated and the regional and global distribu-tions of the species are mapped. The ecological requirements of the species in Antarc-tica are also described.
Onaindia, M. & Amezaga, I. 1999: Natural regeneration in salt marshes of northern Spain. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 59–66.
The ecological range of the halophilous plants were studied in the salt marsh of Txipio (Butroi river) in northern Spain, with respect to some of the most influential edaphic parameters (moisture, conductivity, pH, organic matter) of the environment. This area has been undergoing a natural regeneration since 1965, when tide broke the water retaining walls and agricultural activities were stopped at the site. Thirteen plant species occurred and the most abundant ones were analysed according to different edaphic parameters. Conductivity was the primary factor explaining the distribution of halophilous plants. Texture was also a conditioning factor in species distribution in the marsh, while pH was not determinant. Despite the low regeneration time of the site, the species distribution and edaphic conditions showed a significant recovery of the area.
Trass, H., Vellak, K. & Ingerpuu, N. 1999: Floristical and ecological properties for identifying of primeval forests in Estonia. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 67–80.
True primeval forests in Estonia generally occur as isolated small patches while only a few larger forest stands still remain, mainly in some protected areas. All the surviving primeval forests have many characteristics in common, e.g., the abundance of hemerophobic vascular plant, lichen, bryophyte and fungus species, the high diversity of the biota in general, and the abundance of coarse woody debris. In 1994 we started to study primeval forests of Estonia and developed a ten point scale to estimate the status of a forest to decide whether it can be classified as a primeval forest or rather as another category of forest stand. Of the surviving primeval forests all the larger stands and some of the smaller ones must be protected if they still support sufficiently large numbers of rare species and hemerophobic species specific to primeval forests.