Gratani, L. & Foti, I. 1998: Estimating forest structure and shade tolerance of the species in a mixed deciduous broad-leaved forest in Abruzzo, Italy. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 75–83.
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Huhta, A.-P. & Rautio, P. 1988: Evaluating the impacts of mowing: a case study comparing managed and abandoned meadow patches. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 85–99.
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Venecz, J. I. & Aarssen, L. W. 1998: Effects of shoot apex removal in Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae): Assessing the costs of reproduction and apical dominance. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 101–111.
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Geltman, D. V. 1998: Taxonomic notes on Euphorbia esula (Euphorbiaceae) with special reference to its occurrence in the east part of the Baltic region. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 113–117.
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Sonck, C. E. 1998: Three new species of Taraxacum from northern Italy. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 119–122.
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Oja, T. & Jaaska, V. 1998: Allozyme diversity and phylogenetic relationships among diploid annual bromes (Bromus, Poaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 123–130.
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Rajput, K. S. & Rao, K. S. 1998: Cambial anatomy and absence of rays in the stem of Boerhaavia species (Nyctaginaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 131–135.
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Martínez, I. & Burgaz, A. R. 1998: Revision of the genus Solorina (Lichenes) in Europe based on spore size variation. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 137–142.
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Dai, Y. C. 1998: Changbai wood-rotting fungi 9. Three new species and other species in Rigidoporus, Skeletocutis and Wolfiporia (Basidiomycota, Aphyllophorales). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 143–154.
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Gratani, L. & Foti, I. 1998: Estimating forest structure and shade tolerance of the species in a mixed deciduous broad-leaved forest in Abruzzo, Italy. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 75–83.
To explain the coexistence of plant species in a mixed deciduous broad-leaved forest in Abruzzo, Italy, a number of leaf traits were analyzed, and the shade tolerance was investigated. Bud break started at the end of April and the rapid leaf growth during the first stages was attested by the highest relative growth rates. The leaf area index (LAI) increased from 0.7 at the beginning of the leaf growth to 2.6 at full lamina expansion. Most of the species of the dominated layer were shade-tolerant and most of the species of the dominant and co-dominant layers were shade-intolerant. There was a fairly well defined specific leaf area (SLA) range between the shade-tolerant (271.1 cm2 g–1) and shade-intolerant species (159.2 cm2 g–1). The SLA, the chlorophyll content (Chl) and the leaf water content showed the same trend from the top to the bottom of the forest canopy. The chlorophyll a/b ratio ranged from 2.78 (dominant + co-dominant layers) to 2.95 (dominated layer). Laburnum anagyroides Medicus, one of the most shade-tolerant species (305.1 cm2 g–1 SLA), showed the highest total chlorophyll content (2.69 mg g–1) and Quercus cerris L., one of the most shade-intolerant (148.2 cm2 g–1 SLA), the lowest (0.70 mg g–1).
Huhta, A.-P. & Rautio, P. 1988: Evaluating the impacts of mowing: a case study comparing managed and abandoned meadow patches. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 85–99.
Two abandoned and two mown adjacently situated semi-natural meadow patches were compared for species richness, evenness and soil nutrient values. The differences in flora and vegetation cover between the sites were examined using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The physical conditions between the habitats were compared by categorizing the species with two competitive theories for plant strategies: the MacArthur-Fretwell scheme and Grime's CSR model. Both calculated richness indices and direct species counts indicate that diversity is higher in the abandoned meadow patches than in the corresponding managed meadows. The evenness values imply that the species dominance pattern is similar under both types of management. According to the CCA ordination, the differences in nutrient concentration between the sites significantly influenced the occurrence of species. The method of evaluating the succession stage of a habitat by combining diversity measures and counting plant strategy shares, especially with regard to competitive species, may help the manager to decide on the urgency of restoration. As the MacArthur-Fretwell scheme showed the prevailing physical conditions using species life history strategies more illustratively, it can be recommended for studies in which it is important to define the succession stage that might be fatal to high species diversity. This will facilitate the decision-making on management practices.
Venecz, J. I. & Aarssen, L. W. 1998: Effects of shoot apex removal in Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae): Assessing the costs of reproduction and apical dominance. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 101–111.
The effects of shoot apex removal may be used to evaluate the cost of apical dominance and the cost of reproduction in plants. Plants that have shoot apices removed may have lateral meristems released from apical dominance and thus, may out-yield undamaged plants (i.e. overcompensate) either in the year of damage, or in the subsequent growing season, reflecting the cost of leaving apical dominance intact. Shoot apex removal may also reduce or prevent reproduction (undercompensation) in the year of damage, leaving more resources stored and available for greater reproduction (overcompensation) in the subsequent season relative to undamaged plants (reflecting the cost of reproduction for undamaged plants in the previous season). These hypotheses were tested using Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae) as a study species. The effects of pre-flower (early), post-flower (late), and all-season shoot apex removal were recorded in L. salicaria within a natural population. Clipped plants were shorter and more branched than unclipped plants, but failed to outperform unclipped plants (in terms of biomass or reproduction) in either the year of treatment or the subsequent year, indicating no evidence for either a cost of apical dominance or a cost of reproduction in this species. Mean seed mass, however, was greater in pre-flower clipped plants compared with unclipped plants in the year of treatment. The interpretation of these results may involve effects of reduced attractiveness to pollinators (and hence reduced fertilization and seed set) in shorter (clipped) plants. The cost of reproduction may be negligible due to in situ photosynthesis of reproductive structures and enhancement of vegetative photosynthesis during reproduction, as reported for other species.
Geltman, D. V. 1998: Taxonomic notes on Euphorbia esula (Euphorbiaceae) with special reference to its occurrence in the east part of the Baltic region. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 113–117.
The taxonomy, ecology and geography of Euphorbia esula L. and E. virgata Waldst. & Kit. are discussed. It is shown that both taxa have different ecological preferences and distribution patterns. Special attention is paid to the occurrence of E. esula in the east part of the Baltic region, where it shows particulary clear ecological differences from E. virgata. It is proposed to treat both taxa as separate species.
Sonck, C. E. 1998: Three new species of Taraxacum from northern Italy. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 119–122.
Three species of Taraxacum Weber new to science are reported from the region of Lago di Garda in northern Italy. Taraxacum amplexum Sonck, related to the Subalpinum group of the sect. Palustria, was found on the mountain La Rocca near Garda and on the slopes of Monte Baldo near Malcesine. Two species, T. rigidipes Sonck and T. bidentilobum Sonck, of the sect. Ruderalia, were collected from Malcesine.
Oja, T. & Jaaska, V. 1998: Allozyme diversity and phylogenetic relationships among diploid annual bromes (Bromus, Poaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 123–130.
Phylogenetic relationships and genetic differentiation among eleven diploid annual brome species were evaluated by cladistic and phenetic analysis of the allozyme diversity of eight enzymes detected by PAGE. All species lacked heterozygous allozyme phenotypes, indicating prevalent autogamy and self-fertilization. Bromus japonicus Thunb. and B. squarrosus L. had the same allozymes, supporting their close genetic affinity. The placement of B. pumilio (Trin.) P. M. Smith in its own section Boissiera (Hochst. ex. Steudel) P. M. Smith was supported by its basal position in a separate clade. Morphologically uniform B. intermedius Guss. was the most polymorphic species, revealing six isoenzyme lineages. The diploids of the section Genea Dum. were distinguished in a separate cluster on both cladistic and phenetic allozyme trees.
Rajput, K. S. & Rao, K. S. 1998: Cambial anatomy and absence of rays in the stem of Boerhaavia species (Nyctaginaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 131–135.
Structure of vascular cambium and its derivatives in Boerhaavia diffusa L., B. verticillata Poir. and B. rependa Willd. (Nyctaginaceae) was studied by anatomical methods.The stem revealed anomalous secondary growth characterised by the development of successive rings of xylem and phloem. The cambium was exclusively composed of fusiform initials giving rise to rayless secondary vascular tissues. While undergoing periclinal divisions cambium appeared nonstoried but remained storied when the divisions ceased. Each successive ring of cambium was originated from the outermost phloem parenchyma cells. The cambial ring was functionally segmented into fascicular and interfascicular regions, the former mainly producing conducting elements of xylem and phloem and the latter giving rise to parenchyma cells. The parenchyma cells on the xylem side developed into conjunctive tissue following thickening and lignification of cell walls. However, in B. verticillata and B. rependa the parenchyma cells on the pholem side also became lignified. In B. diffusa parenchyma cells did not undergo lignification. As a result, alternate bands of lignified and parenchyma bands became distinct in the stem. Vessel elements were short with simple perforation plate on slightly oblique to transverse endwall. Sieve tube members were slightly shorter as compared to the fusiform cambial cells.
Martínez, I. & Burgaz, A. R. 1998: Revision of the genus Solorina (Lichenes) in Europe based on spore size variation. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 137–142.
The variation of the spore size and wall ornamentation in the European species of the lichen genus Solorina Ach. was studied. Sixty one samples were analyzed using statistical analyses (ANOVA, PCA). SEM micrographs of the taxa are provided. The results show that Solorina monospora Gyeln. is a distinct species and S. bispora Nyl. consists of ssp. bispora and ssp. macrospora (Harm.) Burgaz & Martínez comb. nov.
Dai, Y. C. 1998: Changbai wood-rotting fungi 9. Three new species and other species in Rigidoporus, Skeletocutis and Wolfiporia (Basidiomycota, Aphyllophorales). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 143–154.
Three new polypore species, Rigidoporus eminens Y. C. Dai, Skeletocutis subvulgaris Y. C. Dai, and Wolfiporia curvispora Y. C. Dai, are described and illustrated based on recent collections from Northeast China. Rigidoporus eminens is closely related to R. undatus (Pers.: Fr.) Donk, but differs by its soft corky to fragile basidiocarps, lacerate tube dissepiments, thin-walled tramal hyphae, and thicker cystidia, strongly penetrating the hymenium. Skeletocutis subvulgaris is similar to S. vulgaris (Fr.) Niemelä & Y. C Dai in its ecology, morphology and shape of basidiospores, but it has no stellate crystal clusters on the hyphae, and its generative hyphae are covered with fine, sharp-pointed encrustations (the typical characters of Skeletocutis Kotl. & Pouzar). Wolfiporia curvispora is distinguished from the other species of the genus by its biennial habit, small pores, curved cylindric spores, and uninflated subicular hyphae. All the Chinese species in the genera of Leucophellinus Singer, Oxyporus Donk, Rigidoporus Murrill, Physisporinus P. Karst., Skeletocutis and Wolfiporia Ryvarden & Gilb. were studied, and keys for these species are given. Statistical variation of spore dimensions are included in the keys. The combination of Physisporinus xylostromatoides (Berk.) Y. C. Dai is proposed. Oxyporus bucholtzii (Bondartsev & Ljub.) Y. C. Dai & Niemelä is new to China.