Heikinheimo, M. & Lappalainen, H. 1997: Dependence of the flower bud burst of some plant taxa in Finland on effective temperature sum: implications for climate warming. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 34: 229–243.
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Jutila, H. M. 1997: Vascular plant species richness in grazed and ungrazed coastal meadows, SW Finland. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 34: 245–263.
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Sutinen, S., Juuti, S. & Ryyppö, A. 1997: Long-term exposure of Scots pine seedlings to monochloroacetic and trichloroacetic acid: Effects on the needles and growth. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 34: 265–273.
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Szlachetko, D. L. & Rutkowski, P. 1997: Two new species of the genus Sarcoglottis (Orchidaceae) from Brazil. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 34: 275–279.
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Piippo, S. 1997: Two new Plagiochila species (Plagiochilaceae, Hepaticae) from Yunnan, China. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 34: 281–284.
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Zhu, R.-L. & So, M. L. 1997: A new record of the genus Otolejeunea (Hepaticae, Lejeuneaceae) in subtropical China. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 34: 285–289.
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Skult, H. 1997: Notes on the chemical and morphological variation of the lichen Ophioparma ventosa in East Fennoscandia. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 34: 291–297.
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Heikinheimo, M. & Lappalainen, H. 1997: Dependence of the flower bud burst of some plant taxa in Finland on effective temperature sum: implications for climate warming. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 34: 229–243.
The connection between the effective temperature sum and the occurrence of the flower bud burst on eleven plant taxa was analyzed using historical, regionally-distributed phenological observations in Finland from the period 1918–1955. Local estimates of effective temperature sum were optimised by temporal and spatial interpolation of the temperature data that was available from a relatively sparse network of stations. During the extremely warm spring of 1921 flowering on many taxa occurred nearly one month earlier than in an average year, corresponding to the about 5°C warmer-than-average temperatures. The year-to-year fluctuation of spring-time mean temperature had a standard deviation of about 2°C. This corresponded to a fluctuation range of 18 days in flower bud burst. In the warmer climate anticipated for the near future by most climate scenarios, the occurrence of bud burst would be expected to advance correspondingly, i.e. by about 4 days per 1°C of warming, if the temperature rise remains within the present range of climate variation. Phenological maps based on the ETS indicated that the progress of flowering with latitude was regionally highly variable, with a latitudinal gradient of about 200–300 km/10 days on average. A 2°C mean climate warming would thus correspond to a latitudinal shift of about 700 km in the average date of flowering.
Jutila, H. M. 1997: Vascular plant species richness in grazed and ungrazed coastal meadows, SW Finland. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 34: 245–263.
The richness of vascular plant species in four grazed and five ungrazed shore meadow communities was studied on the west coast of Finland, near the town of Pori (61°30´–61°33´N, 21°28´–21°41´E). In the transects established, plant species were studied in 412 1-m2 plots and in the adjacent areas. The flora included a total of 183 vascular plant species representing 108 genera. The shore plant communities were dominated by perennial monocot species, although the number of dicot species was higher. The vascular plant species richness (11.5 ± 4.7) in 1-m2 sample plots was significantly higher at the seashore than in the delta of the river Kokemäenjoki. A model is constructed of the factors that affect species richness in seashore meadows. Species richness increased significantly with increasing distance from the waterline, and more importantly (R2 = 0.26) with elevation above the mean sea level. The linear increase in species richness continues up to a certain elevation, the latter being dependent on the amplitude of water level fluctuation. Species richness decreased significantly with an increase in biomass or height of vegetation. These variables are negatively correlated with elevation and have only secondary importance for species richness. In the delta area no significant results were obtained for species richness in general. The vascular plant species richness was higher in grazed plots than in ungrazed ones in the delta, but in the transects most exposed by the sea the opposite was true. The influence of grazing on the species richness seemed to be scale-dependent.
Sutinen, S., Juuti, S. & Ryyppö, A. 1997: Long-term exposure of Scots pine seedlings to monochloroacetic and trichloroacetic acid: Effects on the needles and growth. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 34: 265–273.
The effects of monochloroacetic acid (MCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) exposures on Scots pine seedlings were studied. The exposures, with two dose levels for TCA and one for MCA, were done simultaneously via the roots and the foliage during two consecutive simulated growing seasons. An increase in potassium concentration in current-year needles exposed to lower TCA dose after the first exposure season, and an increase in the nitrogen concentration, as well as a decrease in the transpiration rate and in the total chloroplast area, were noted in the current-year needles exposed to MCA after the second exposure season and these changes were statistically different from the control. These results may be due to charge compensation and hormonal changes induced by subtoxic levels of TCA and MCA.
Szlachetko, D. L. & Rutkowski, P. 1997: Two new species of the genus Sarcoglottis (Orchidaceae) from Brazil. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 34: 275–279.
Two species of the genus Sarcoglottis from Brazil are described as new. The first of them, Sarcoglottis viscosus Szlach. & Rutk. resembles Sarcoglottis fasciculata (Vell.) Schlecht. by its habit and S. biflora (Vell.) Schlecht. in the flowers. The most characteristic features of the species are the sticky glandules on the stem, cauline and floral bracts and on the flowers. The second, Sarcoglottis curvisepala Szlach. & Rutk. is habitually similar to S. fasciculata (Vell.) Schlecht. and S. grandiflora (Lindl.) Kl., but it is easy to distinguish by its lateral sepals and lip. Lateral sepals are very long and strongly falcate, their free parts are as long as their basal parts adnate to the ovary. The lip is indistinctly constricted and cochleate in the centre.
Piippo, S. 1997: Two new Plagiochila species (Plagiochilaceae, Hepaticae) from Yunnan, China. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 34: 281–284.
Two new species of Plagiochila are described from Yunnan, China: P. kunmingensis Piippo and P. yulungensis Piippo. Their taxonomic characters and related species are discussed.
Zhu, R.-L. & So, M. L. 1997: A new record of the genus Otolejeunea (Hepaticae, Lejeuneaceae) in subtropical China. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 34: 285–289.
Otolejeunea Grolle & Tix. (Lejeuneaceae, Hepaticae) is a small paleotropical genus. A total of 9 species including 1 in Australia, 5 in Asia, 2 in Madagascar and 1 in Brazil is known. Otolejeunea semperiana (Gottsche ex Steph.) Grolle is reported here as a new generic record for the Chinese bryoflora. The previously known northernmost localities for the genus and species were Vietnam and the Philippines respectively. The locality recorded here for China, Shuhaijinshan (ca. 24°31´N, 117°21´E), is the northernmost for the genus Otolejeunea and O. semperiana and the first ones from subtropical regions. A description and illustration of O. semperiana are provided, along with a distribution map of both Otolejeunea and O. semperiana. The new combination O. schnellii (Tix.) Zhu & So (Allorgella schnellii Tix.) is made.
Skult, H. 1997: Notes on the chemical and morphological variation of the lichen Ophioparma ventosa in East Fennoscandia. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 34: 291–297.
The chemical compounds in 275 specimens of Ophioparma ventosa s. lat. from East Fennoscandia were analysed, resulting in three major chemotypes. They are: (I) thamnolic–divaricatic–usnic acid, (II) hypothamnolic–divaricatic–usnic acid, and (III) divaricatic–usnic acid. Chemotypes I and II are characterised by long, multiseptate spores, whereas chemotype III occurs as two morphotypes: (A) with long, multiseptate spores, and (B) with short, non-septate or 1-septate spores. The chemotypes with long, multiseptate spores represent the species O. ventosa (L.) Norman s. str., whereas O. lapponica (Räsänen) Hafellner & R. W. Rogers is the correct name for specimens of chemotype III-morphotype B. A tendency to a higher usnic acid-content and to more yellow thalli occurs especially in O. lapponica and in chemotypes II and III of O. ventosa growing in northernmost latitudes and at high altitudes. The distribution of O. lapponica and the chemotypes of O. ventosa in Finland is mapped.