Widén, C.-J., Fraser-Jenkins, C., Reichstein, T., Gibby, & Sarvela, J. 1996: Phloroglucinol derivatives in Dryopteris sect. Fibrillosae and related taxa (Pteridophyta, Dryopteridaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 33: 69–100.
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Rintanen, T. 1996: Changes in the flora and vegetation of 113 Finnish lakes during 40 years. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 33: 101–122.
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Irwin, D. L. & Aarssen, L. W. 1996: Testing for cost of apical dominance in vegetation: a field study of three species. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 33: 123–128.
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Browning, J., Gordon-Gray, K. D., Smith S. G. & van Staden, J. 1996: Bolboschoenus yagara (Cyperaceae) newly reported for Europe. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 33: 129–136.
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Piippo, S. & Norris, D. H. 1996: A revision of Californian Porella (Hepaticae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 33: 137–152.
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Dai, Y.-C. 1996: Changbai wood-rotting fungi 5. Study on Polyporus mongolicus and P. tubaeformis. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 33: 153–163.
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Widén, C.-J., Fraser-Jenkins, C., Reichstein, T., Gibby, & Sarvela, J. 1996: Phloroglucinol derivatives in Dryopteris sect. Fibrillosae and related taxa (Pteridophyta, Dryopteridaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 33: 69–100.
The phloroglucinol compositions of 18 species (including subspecies) belonging to Dryopteris Adanson sect. Fibrillosae Ching have been investigated on a world-wide basis, and the taxonomic implications discussed. The main emphasis is on D. affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenkins, its subspecies and varieties, as well as on D. wallichiana (Sprengel) N. Hylander and its relatives. The phloroglucinols of the ferns of sect. Fibrillosae proved to be remarkably constant in most taxa: large amounts of flavaspidic acids (5) and slightly varying amounts of filixic acids (19) were found in virtually all taxa. Traces or small amounts of norflavaspidic acids (4), albaspidins (10), oligoflavaspidic acids (23, 26) and tetraalbaspidins (25) occur as well. Only D. acuto-dentata Ching and D. affinis subsp. borreri (Newman) Fraser-Jenkins, both partly derived by crossing with species outside the section, differ clearly from the other taxa in containing para-aspidins (7) and trispara-aspidin (20), while D. fusco-atra (Hillebrand) W. Robinson shows a different phloroglucinol pattern altogether. The high levels of similarity between taxa may reflect their common origin from a few diploid apomictic taxa by hybridization with sexual diploids. The different subspecies and varieties of D. affinis showed very similar phloroglucinol spectra except for subsp. borreri. The triploid apogamous subspecies cambrensis Fraser-Jenkins, pseudo-disjuncta (Fraser-Jenkins) Fraser-Jenkins and persica Fraser-Jenkins may have evolved from the diploid apomictic subsp. affinis and D. oreades Fomin of sect. Dryopteris, whereas the triploid apogamous subsp. borreri may have its origin from subsp. affinis and D. caucasica (A. Braun) Fraser-Jenkins & Corley of sect. Dryopteris. The precursor of apomictic diploid D. wallichiana subsp. wallichiana is discussed. Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai, a diploid sexual species from Japan in sect. Fibrillosae, is suitable from a chemical point of view, but not from its morphology. Dryopteris conjugata Ching in sect. Hirtipedes Fraser-Jenkins initially appeared to be suitable both in morphology and chemistry, provided that norflavaspidic acid (4) was biotransformed to flavaspidic acid (5) in D. wallichiana subsp. wallichiana as suggested in the present work. However, cytological investigation of one accession of this species has shown it to be diploid but apomictic, and therefore inappropriate as a sexual diploid ancestor of the diploid apomictic D. wallichiana subsp. wallichiana. Five new taxa are described: Dryopteris wallichiana subsp. reichsteinii Fraser-Jenkins, D. affinis subsp. affinis var. jessenii Fraser-Jenkins, D. affinis subsp. affinis var. kerryensis Fraser-Jenkins, D. affinis subsp. cambrensis var. insubrica Fraser-Jenkins and D. affinis subsp. pontica Fraser-Jenkins.
Rintanen, T. 1996: Changes in the flora and vegetation of 113 Finnish lakes during 40 years. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 33: 101–122.
The 113 Finnish lakes studied by Lauri Maristo in the 1930's were reinvestigated in 1980–1985. The pH values of those lakes had not clearly altered, but transparency had, as a rule, diminished. The number of aquatics had generally increased, but some clearwater aquatics, such as Potamogeton praelongus Wulfen and Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC. had become rarer. Two species had disappeared, 17 species declined, and 57 species had become more frequent. Six species were found as newcomers. These floristic changes were probably caused by eutrophication due to leaching of agricultural and forest fertilizers or effluents of industry. The greatest vegetation changes were the decline of Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla stands and increase of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel belts. In some lakes aquatic mosses currently form dense carpets. The succession caused by eutrophication can be seen as a development from oligotrophic lake types towards eutrophic ones. The most remarkable changes had taken place in Potamogeton-type, Potamogeton filiformis-Chara-type and Typha-Alisma-type lakes. Presently six lakes can be assigned to different botanical lake types than in MaristoÕs classification.
Irwin, D. L. & Aarssen, L. W. 1996: Testing for cost of apical dominance in vegetation: a field study of three species. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 33: 123–128.
Damage to the shoot apex commonly causes release of lateral meristems from apical dominance in plants. This has been shown in some species to promote increased seed and/or biomass production (i.e. overcompensation) by stimulating lateral branching, primarily in plants growing free from competition for light. This may represent a potential fitness cost when apical dominance is left intact in non-competing plants. In this study, shoot apices of three herbaceous species, Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae), Melilotus alba Medicus (Fabaceae) and Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Asteraceae) growing in open habitats were removed in order to determine if a potential fitness cost of apical dominance was evident. We predicted that in such open habitats, where competition for light is relatively weak, there should be relatively little evidence for a potential cost of apical dominance; since there should be relatively little benefit in having apical dominance here, selection should minimize any potential fitness cost of apical dominance, or minimize apical dominance directly. This prediction was supported: all of the species compensated but none overcompensated for shoot apex removal in terms of biomass or flower production.
Browning, J., Gordon-Gray, K. D., Smith S. G. & van Staden, J. 1996: Bolboschoenus yagara (Cyperaceae) newly reported for Europe. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 33: 129–136.
We report the Asian species Bolboschoenus yagara (Ohwi) A. E. Kozhevnikov (Cyperaceae) from Europe, where only B. maritimus (L.) Palla has previously been recorded. Critical differences between these species lie mainly in achene structure, particularly anatomy of the pericarp, and in the persistence of the perianth bristles on the achenes, which we illustrate with SEM micrographs. We also report putative hybrids (B. maritimus x yagara) on grounds of the intermediate structure of the achenes. The presence of B. yagara and hybrids in Europe bears on the typification of Scirpus maritimus L., which is problematic. We recognize B. affinis (Roth) Drobov pending further research.
Piippo, S. & Norris, D. H. 1996: A revision of Californian Porella (Hepaticae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 33: 137–152.
Four species, Porella bolanderi (Aust.) Pears., P. cordaeana (Hüb.) Moore, P. navicularis (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lindb., and P. roellii Steph. (Hepaticae) occur in California. All of them except P. cordaeana are endemic to Western North America. Porella platyphylla (L.) Pfeiff. and P. platyphylloidea (Schwein.) Lindb. do not occur in California. A key to the species, table of characters, and illustrations, descriptions and distribution maps are provided for every species.
Dai, Y.-C. 1996: Changbai wood-rotting fungi 5. Study on Polyporus mongolicus and P. tubaeformis. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 33: 153–163.
Polyporus mongolicus (Pilát) Y. C. Dai, earlier treated as a variety of P. arcularius Batsch: Fr. by Pilát, is erected as an independent species. It is separated from the other pale-stiped Polyporus species (the Polyporellus P. Karst. group) in having duplex context, and fairly big and freely arranged pores; it has both simple-septate and clamped hyphae in the upper hirsute layer of the cap. Its affinities with the other species in the Polyporellus group are given. Another polypore species, growing on wood of gymnosperms in NE Asia, is identified as P. tubaeformis (P. Karst.) Ryvarden & Gilb. It resembles P. melanopus (Pers.) Fr., but differs by having narrower generative hyphae, tightly interwoven tramal hyphae, thick-walled upper surface hyphae making up a palisade, and by bearing cystidioles. The differences between it and the other taxa in the black-stiped group (the Melanopus complex) are discussed. Polyporus hemicapnodes Berk & Broome, a predominantly tropical species, has been found in the Far East of Russia, and was now collected in N China (new to China). It is characterized by having small and slender basidiocarps, a black stipe, pale luteous upper surface, strongly decurrent pores and subellipsoid spores.